Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Associated Myocarditis

Authors

  • Frans E. N. Wantania Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
  • Ribka E. Wowor Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
  • Ridwan Tandiawan Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6498

Keywords:

Myocarditis, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19

Abstract

Myocardial injury is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among COVID-19 related myocardial injuries, etiology may vary, including myocarditis, myocardial infarct, sepsis-associated myocardial injury, and/or stress-induced cardiomyopathy. More data from prospective cohorts and case series are needed to understand the exact mechanism of COVID-19 associated myocardial injuries. It is clinically suspected that myocarditis is the cause of myocardial injury. However, myocarditis has a heterogeneous clinical presentation and tends to be underdiagnosed in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Due to the potential of rapid deterioration in the patient’s condition, it is imperative to recognize myocarditis as a sequel to COVID-19, and a multidisciplinary team should be formed for managing all clinically suspected patients with COVID-19 associated myocarditis. Further studies are needed to recognize better and understand the relationship between myocarditis and COVID-19.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Lie SA, Wong SW, Wong LT, Wong TG, Chong SY. Practical considerations for performing regional anesthesia: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Can J Anaesth. 2020;67(7):885-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01637-0 PMid:32212103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01637-0

Arentz M, Yim E, Klaff L, Lokhandwala S, Riedo FX, Chong M, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA. 2020;323(16):1612-4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4326 PMid:32191259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4326

Alhogbani T. Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Ann Saudi Med. 2016;36(1):78-80. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2016.78 PMid:26922692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2016.78

Pirzada A, Mokhtar AT, Moeller AD. COVID-19 and myocarditis: What do we know so far? CJC Open. 2020;2(4):278-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2020.05.005 PMid:32691024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2020.05.005

Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D, Deo R, Santangeli P, Khanji MY, et al. Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(9):1463-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001 PMid:32387246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001

Yajima T, Knowlton KU. Viral myocarditis: From the perspective of the virus. Circulation. 2009;119(19):2615-24. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.108.766022 PMid:19451363 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.766022

Schenk T, Enders M, Pollak S, Hahn R, Huzly D. High prevalence of human parvovirus B19 DNA in myocardial autopsy samples from subjects without myocarditis or dilative cardiomyopathy. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47(1):106-10. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01672-08 PMid:19005147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01672-08

Hu H, Ma F, Wei X, Fang Y. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis treated with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(2):206. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190 PMid:32176300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190

Driggin E, Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, Chuich T, Laracy J, Biondi-Zoccai G, et al. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(18):2352-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031 PMid:32201335 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031

Hendren NS, Drazner MH, Bozkurt B, Cooper LT Jr. Description and proposed management of the acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome. Circulation. 2020;141(23):1903-14. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.047349 PMid:32297796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047349

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3 PMid:32171076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3

Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY. Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2020;15(5):700-4. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202002.0220.v2 PMid:32114094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202002.0220.v2

Chen L, Li X, Chen M, Feng Y, Xiong C. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(6):1097-100. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa078 PMid:32227090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa078

Inciardi RM, Lupi L, Zaccone G, Italia L, Raffo M, Tomasoni D, et al. Cardiac Involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(7):819-24. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096 PMid:32219357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096

Metkus TS, Sokoll LJ, Barth AS, Czarny MJ, Hays AG, Lowenstein CJ, et al. Myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 compared with non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. Circulation. 2020;143(6):553-65. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.050543 PMid:33186055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050543

Caforio AL, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, Basso C, Gimeno-Blanes J, Felix SB, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: A position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(33):2636-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht210 PMid:23824828 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht210

Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, Sayer G, Griffin JM, Masoumi A, et al. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2020;141(20):1648-55. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.046941 PMid:32200663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941

Chu GC, Flewitt JA, Mikami Y, Vermes E, Friedrich MG. Assessment of acute myocarditis by cardiovascular MR: Diagnostic performance of shortened protocols. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;29:1077-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-013-0189-7 PMid:23404383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-013-0189-7

Tschöpe C, Cooper LT, Torre-Amione G, Van Linthout S. Management of myocarditis-related cardiomyopathy in adults. Circ Res. 2019;124(11):1568-83. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.118.313578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313578

Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, et al. A Trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(19):1787-99. PMid:32187464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2008043

Coyle J, Igbinomwanhia E, Sanchez-Nadales A, Danciu S, Chu C, Shah N. A recovered case of COVID-19 myocarditis and ARDS treated with corticosteroids, tocilizumab, and experimental AT-001. JACC Case Rep. 2020;2(9):1331-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.025 PMid:32368755 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.025

Downloads

Published

2021-08-22

How to Cite

1.
Wantania FEN, Wowor RE, Tandiawan R. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Associated Myocarditis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021 Aug. 22 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];9(F):299-304. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/6498

Issue

Section

Narrative Review Article

Categories