Antibacterial kinetics and phylogenetic analysis of Aloe vera plants

Paul Akinduti; Yemisi D. Obafemi; Patrick O. Isibor; Rapheal Ishola; Frank E. Ahuekwe; O. A. Ayodele; O. S. Oduleye; Olubukola Oziegbe; O. M. Onagbesan

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6526

Authors

Paul Akinduti Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0697-8176
Yemisi D. Obafemi Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6919-792X
Patrick O. Isibor Department of Biological Sciences, Applied Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0353-9453
Rapheal Ishola Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria
Frank E. Ahuekwe Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-4050
O. A. Ayodele Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
O. S. Oduleye Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Unit, D.S Adegbenro ICT Polytechnic, Itori, Ewekoro, Nigeria
Olubukola Oziegbe Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8001-0919
O. M. Onagbesan Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6526

Keywords:

Aloe vera, Sap, Resistant, Diversity, Antibacterial

Abstract

Uncontrolled use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of resistant bacteria. It has necessitated the evaluation of antibacterial activities and phylo-diversity of Aloe vera (also called Aloe barbadensis) plants as antimicrobial agent in Nigeria. Biotyped enteric bacilli of 251 strains obtained from fecal samples of patients with various gastro-intestinal complications are profiled for antibiogram. Resistant biotypes were assayed for susceptibility to Aloe vera latex and further evaluated for time-kill kinetics and phylo-diversity. More than 30% of enteric bacilli, including Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline respectively at MIC >16 µg/ml (p=0.004). Aloe vera latex significantly inhibited 39.5% resistant enteric biotypes with a significant average reduction of the viable count at 1xMIC and 2xMIC to less than 3.0 Log₁₀CFU/mL after 24 hours. Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and anthraquinine in anti-enteric sap significantly correlated and regressed with antibacterial activity (p<0.05), while two of the antimicrobial Aloe vera plants showed phylogenetic relatedness with other homologous. Anti-bacteria efficacy of some Nigerian Aloe vera latex could provide alternative therapy, while its phylo-diversity and genomic profiling would offer a promising avenue for identification and development of antimicrobial agents as drug candidates for natural antibiotics.

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