Silver Nanoparticle of Acalypha indica Linn. Leaf As Bio-larvicide against Anopheles sp. Larvae

Yos Banne; Olfie  Sahelangi; Steven Soenjono; Elisabeth Natalia Barung; Selfie Ulaen; Rivolta G. M.  Walalangi; Zulfiayu  Sapiun

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6628

Authors

Yos Banne Department of Pharmacy, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-0770
Olfie Sahelangi Department of Nutrition, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-2947
Steven Soenjono Department of Environmental Health https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-7006
Elisabeth Natalia Barung Department of Pharmacy, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-9629
Selfie Ulaen Department of Pharmacy, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan, Manado, Indonesia
Rivolta G. M. Walalangi Department of Nutrition, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan, Manado, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-1493
Zulfiayu Sapiun Department of Pharmacy, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan, Gorontalo, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-2778

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6628

Keywords:

Acalypha indica Linn. leaf, Stew, Silver nanoparticles, Bio-larvicide, Anopheles sp.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acalypha indica Linn. has been used as traditional medicine, it contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and essential oils.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the bio-larvicide effects of A. indica Linn. leaf stew and the silver nanoparticles against Anopheles sp. larvae.

METHODS: The fresh leaves of A. indica Linn. extracted using distilled water at 100°C for 30 min. The silver nanoparticles were made by mixing a solution of silver nitrate with the stew, which acts as a reducing agent. The resulting silver nanoparticles were characterized by particle size analyzer and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The bio-larvicide effects against Anopheles sp. larvae performed using a completely randomized design. There were eight groups consisted of ten larvae and three replications. Treatment groups of stew and silver nanoparticle for concentrations 0.05%, 0.5%, and 5%, respectively. The negative control group was distilled water and the positive control group was the 0.01% abate solution. Assessment of larvicide activity was carried out every hour for 6 h and continued if there were larvae that live up to 24 h. The LC50 value was calculated based on Probit analysis.

RESULTS: The results showed that the A. indica Linn. leaf stew can be made into silver nanoparticles preparations, optimal results were obtained from a mixture of 1% stew and 3 mM AgNO3. The result of bio-larvicides effect test against Anopheles sp. larvae showed that the LC50 value of the A. indica Linn. leaf stew was 727,3 ppm and the LC50 value of silver nanoparticles was 3.366 ppm.

CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that A. indica Linn. is a promising larvicidal plant and can be made into silver nanoparticle preparations.

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