The Spatial Distribution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency, Indonesia

Risnawati Tanjung; Eka Lestari Mahyuni; Nelson Tanjung; Oster Suriani Simarmata; Jernita Sinaga; Helfi R. Nolia

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6808

Authors

Risnawati Tanjung Department of Environmental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Medan, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7214-8472
Eka Lestari Mahyuni Department Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Nelson Tanjung Department of Environmental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Medan, Medan, Indonesia
Oster Suriani Simarmata National Institute of Health Research Development (NIHRD), Jakarta, Indonesia
Jernita Sinaga Department of Environmental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Medan, Medan, Indonesia
Helfi R. Nolia Department of Environmental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Medan, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6808

Keywords:

Spatial analysis, Tuberculosis, Risk factor, Humidity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease and global concern today.

AIM: This study aims to map the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis risk factors in Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency.

METHOD: This research is an ecological study with a case-control study design. This research was conducted in Kabanjahe District in January - October 2020. All people who checked and declared to have tuberculosis based on clinical symptoms to be the population in this study. The sample size was calculated with a minimum sample size of 58 for the case group and 58 for the control group with a ratio of 1:1. The distribution pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis and environmental risk factors with the incidence of tuberculosis was carried out using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the distribution of cases. Spatial analysis used average nearest neighbor, overlay and buffer followed with logistic regression as multivariate statistical analysis.

RESULT: The distribution pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kabanjahe District tends to group (clusters). GeoDa software found the relationship between population density and tuberculosis incidence in Kabanjahe District with p values 0.04. There is a relationship between income, ventilation, floor conditions, humidity, and lighting with the incidence of tuberculosis. Humidity is the most dominant variable associated with the incidence of tuberculosis.

CONCLUSION: The incidence of tuberculosis cases in Kabanjahe District is dominantly influenced by the humidity factor of the house which is increasingly at risk due to poor ventilation, unstable room temperature, and bad circulation.

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