Determinant of Stress and Burnout among Nurses at the Second Wave of the Indonesian COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Web-based Survey

Authors

  • Yani Sofiani Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, South Tangerang, Indonesia
  • Abdu Rahim Kamil Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, South Tangerang, Indonesia
  • Dedi Muhdiana Bachelor Nursing Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bani Saleh, Bekasi, Indonesia
  • Prima Trisna Aji Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kusuma Husada Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Dede Kurniati Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, South Tangerang, Indonesia
  • Diwa Agus Sudrajat Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keperawatan PPNI Jawa Barat, Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7032

Keywords:

Stress, Burnout, COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has developed into a major public health threat. Nurses who work to combat COVID-19 are frequently under pressure. The high stresses caused by the consequences of transmission of the COVID-19 put nurses at risk of developing burnout syndrome.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety and burnout experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. An online web-based survey was used to collected data in the national sample of nurses (n = 243, response rate = 78.6%). This study used a convenience sampling technique. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were also employed. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine characteristics associated with burnout.

RESULTS: The participants’ average age was 34.62 years (SD = 7.91). The mean anxiety score was 7.89 (SD = 2.94). The mean score of emotional exhaustion was 14.35 (SD = 7.72), the depersonalization means score was 8.81 (SD = 5.11), and the professional accomplishment mean score was 13.51 (SD = 7.51). Education and job experience had a substantial effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, with R2 values of 10.8% and 18.5%, respectively. When anxiety was included in the model, the R2 for emotional exhaustion increased to 20.4% and the R2 for depersonalization increased to 22.2%, respectively. Work experience had a little effect on professional accomplishment (R2 = 10.3%) but had a much larger effect when the variable of anxiety was included in the model (R2 = 18.3%).

CONCLUSION: This study revealed that during the COVID-19 epidemic, nurses experienced many emotional states, including exhaustion, depersonalization, and anxiety. Efforts should be made by governments and policymakers in this regard in better preparing health-care systems, persons, and nursing to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in the future.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Pan A, Liu L, Wang C, Guo H, Hao X, Wang Q, et al. Association of Public Health Interventions With the Epidemiology of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(19):1915-23. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6130 PMid:32275295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6130

International Council of Nurses. ICN Confirms 1,500 Nurses Have Died from COVID-19 in 44 Countries and Estimates that Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Fatalities Worldwide Could be More Than 20,000; 2020. Available from: https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-confirms-1500-nurses-have-died-covid-19-44-countries-and-estimates-healthcare-worker-covid. [Last accessed on 2021 Mar 24].

Ministry of Health. Data of COVID-19 and Nurses; 2021. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/index.php?lg=LN02. [Last accessed on 2021 Mar 24].

Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Liao C, Wang N, et al. Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. J Nurs Manage. 2020;28(5):1002-9. http://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014 PMid:32255222 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014

Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. http://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 PMid:32202646 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976

Ilyas N, Azuine RE, Tamiz A. COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan. Int J Transl Med Res Public Health. 2020;4(1):37-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.139

Maslach C, Jackson S, Leiter M. The maslach burnout inventory manual. In: Evaluating Stress: A Book of Resources. United States: Scarecrow Press, Inc.; 1997. p. 191-218.

Adawiyah RA. Kecerdasan emosional, dukungan sosial dan Kecenderungan Burnout. Pers Psikol Indones. 2013;2(2):99-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v2i2.97

Lailani F. Burnout pada perawat ditinjau dari efikasi diri dan dukungan sosial di Rumah Sakit “XYZ” Di Surakarta. J Talent Psikol. 2014;3(1):20-35.

Soemarko D. Bournout Kelelahan Kerja Pada Tenaga Medis di Ruang isolasi Covid 19 Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusumo. Jakarta: Bulletin Jakarta; 2020.

Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9(1):51-60. http://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.02.06 PMid:32154135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.02.06

Muhamad Ramdan I. Reliability and validity test of the Indonesian version of the hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) to measure work-related stress in nursing. J Ners. 2019;14:33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i1.10673

Sudrajat DA, Indrianti TO, Supriatin E, Hayati SN, Lindayani L. Nurse burnout: Comparing public and private hospitals in Indonesia. Br J Healthc Manag. 2021;27(2):1-7. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2019.0090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2019.0090

Boo YL, Liam CC, Lim SY, Look ML, Tan MH, Ching SM, et al. Stress and burnout syndrome in health-care providers treating dengue infection: A cross-sectional study. Med J Malaysia. 2018;73(6):371-5. PMid:30647206

Qiao Z, Chen L, Chen M, Guan X, Wang L, Jiao Y, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with occupational burnout among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in China: A crosssectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2890-7 PMid:27079376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2890-7

Zhang Y, Wang C, Pan W, Zheng J, Gao J, Huang X, et al. Stress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies of Frontline Nurses During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:565520. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565520 PMid:33192686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565520

Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026. PMid:32437915 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026

Liu Q, Shen D, Chen S, Liu J. Supporting frontline nurses during the fight against COVID-19. J Am Psychiatric Nurs Assoc. 2020;26(6):525-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390320946825 PMid:32787545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390320946825

Woo T, Ho R, Tang A, Tam W. Global prevalence of burnout symptoms among nurses: A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2020;123:9-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.015

Hu D, Kong Y, Li W, Han Q, Zhang X, Zhu LX, et al. Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424 PMid:32766539 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424

Sayilan A, Kulakaç N, Uzun S. Burnout levels and sleep quality of COVID-19 heroes. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020;57(3):1231-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12678 PMid:33145787 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12678

Pradas-Hernández L, Ariza T, Gómez-Urquiza JL, Albendín-García L, De la Fuente EI, Cañadas-De la Fuente GA. Prevalence of burnout in paediatric nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195039 PMid:29694375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195039

Imai H, Matsuishi K, Ito A, Mouri K, Kitamura N, Akimoto K, et al. Factors associated with motivation and hesitation to work among health professionals during a public crisis: A cross sectional study of hospital workers in Japan during the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):672. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-672 PMid:21050482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-672

Liu X, Kakade M, Fuller CJ, Fan B, Fang Y, Kong J, et al. Depression after exposure to stressful events: Lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53(1):15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.003

comppsych.2011.02.003 PMid:21489421 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/02/003

Kılıç N, Şimşek N. The effects of psychological first aid training on disaster preparedness perception and self-efficacy. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;83:104203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104203 PMid:31683114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104203

Chen J, Li J, Cao B, Wang F, Luo L, Xu J. Mediating effects of self-efficacy, coping, burnout, and social support between job stress and mental health among young Chinese nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(1):163-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14208

Papathanasiou IV, Tsaras K, Kleisiaris CF, Fradelos EC, Tsaloglidou A, Damigos D. Anxiety and depression in staff of mental units: The role of Burnout. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;98:7185-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57379-3_17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57379-3_17

Hardy P, Costemale-Lacoste JF, Trichard C. Comparison of burnout, anxiety and depressive syndromes in hospital psychiatrists and other physicians: Results from the ESTEM study. Psychiatry Res. 2019;284:112662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112662 PMid:31703985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112662

Svmrisaah S. The relationship. Between Burnout dimensions and psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) among nurses. J Holistic Nurs Midwif. 2017;27:37-43. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.2.37

Downloads

Published

2021-11-10

How to Cite

1.
Sofiani Y, Kamil AR, Muhdiana D, Aji PT, Kurniati D, Sudrajat DA. Determinant of Stress and Burnout among Nurses at the Second Wave of the Indonesian COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Web-based Survey. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 10 [cited 2024 Mar. 29];9(E):1127-32. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/7032

Issue

Section

Public Health Legislation

Categories