Reproductive Determinants of Breast Cancer in Women in Indonesia

Sukmayenti Sukma; Nursyirwan Effendi; Wisma Arif Harahap; Hardisman Dasman

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.7092

Authors

Sukmayenti Sukma Department of Public Health Science, Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia; Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Vocational, Baiturrahmah University, Padang, West Sumatera, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health Science, Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia; Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Vocational, Baiturrahmah University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-3477
Nursyirwan Effendi Department of Social and Political Science, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Wisma Arif Harahap Department of Surgery
Hardisman Dasman Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7092

Keywords:

Breast Cancer, Determinants, Reproductive

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The number of breast cancer cases has increased every year both in the world and in Indonesia, so that breast cancer has become a major health problem both in the world and in Indonesia. The specific cause of breast cancer is still not known with certainty, but many factors are thought to influence the development of breast cancer which are called risk factors. In women, reproductive factors are thought to influence the incidence of breast cancer.

AIM: This study aims to determine the determinants of breast cancer in women in terms of reproductive factors.

METHOD: This research is a quantitative research with a case control study design through a retrospective approach using a questionnaire instrument. The sample size obtained was 100 women with breast cancer (case sample) and 100 women without breast cancer (control sample) (1:1), so the total sample was 200 people. Data were analyzed bivariately using chi-square test, and multivariate using logistic regression test.

RESULTS: From this study it is known that the reproductive factor associated with the incidence of breast cancer in women is the age of menarche with a value of p = 0.034 OR = 1.83 CI = 1.045-3.207, the age of giving birth to the first child with a value of p = 0.000 OR = 6.39 CI = 2,521-16,243, parity with p-value = 0.022 OR = 2.14 CI = 1.107-4.152, and history of breastfeeding with p-value = 0.000 OR = 4.16 CI = 1.967-8.830. Meanwhile, the age of menopause had no relationship with the incidence of breast cancer where the p-value was 0.384. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, it was found that the most dominant factor was the age at birth of the first child with a value of p = 0.002, Exp (B) = 5, 11 and CI = 1, 85-14, 10.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that reproductive factors in women (age of menarche, age at first birth, parity, and history of breastfeeding) are risk factors for breast cancer. Based on the results of this study, women must get married immediately if they have entered the ideal age for marriage and do not delay having children so that they can immediately carry out the breastfeeding process to minimize risk factors to avoid breast cancer.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Globocan (IARC). Estimated Breast Cancer Mortality Worldwide in 2012. Geneva, Switzerland: Globocan (IARC); 2015.

World Health Organization. Breast Cancer Estimated Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. http://globocan.iarc.fr/old/FactSheets/cancers/breast-new.asp PMid:25114560

World Health Organization. Breast Cancer Estimated Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. http://globocan.iarc.fr/old/FactSheets/cancers/breast-new.asp

Kemenkes RI. Info Datin Bulan Peduli Kanker Payudara. Indonesia: Kemenkes RI; 2016.

Rasjidi, Pencegahan Kanker Pada Wanita, Sagung-Seto, Jakarta; 2010.

Nurrachmah E. Breast cancer and treatment of the bio-psycho-spiritual aspects of clients participating in support groups. J Indonesian Nurs. 2016;2(6):1-2. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v2i6.90 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v2i6.90

Shadine M. Penyakit Wanita Pencegahan, Deteksi Dini, dan Pengobatannya. Yogyakarta: Citra Pustaka; 2012.

Anggorowati L. Breast cancer risk factors in kudus hospital. J Public Health. 2013;8(2):121-6.

Ardiana A, Negara HW, Sutisna M. Analysis of reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer incidence in women. Health J. 2013;1(2):106. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v1n2.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v1n2.6

Dewi GA, Hendrati LY. Breast cancer risk analysis based on history of hormonal contraception use and age of menarche. Periodic J Epidemiol. 2015;3(1):12-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jbe.V3I12015.12-23

Sepandi M, Akrami M, Tabatabaee H. Breast cancer risk factors in women participating in a breast screening program: A study on 11, 850 Iranian females. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15:8499-502. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8499 PMid:25339054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.19.8499

Rizema P. Buku Lengkap Kanker Payudara. Itanov Cetakan I: Yogyakarta; 2015.

de Almeida GS, Amanda LA, Araujo GM, Weller M. Reproductive risk factors differ among breast cancer patients and controls in a public hospital of Paraiba, Northeast Brazil. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(7):2959-65. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2959 PMid:25854389 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.7.2959

Priyatin C, Ulfiana E, Sumarni S. Risk factors affecting the incidence of breast cancer at RSUP DR. Kariadi Semarang. J Obstet. 2013;2(5):9-19. https://doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v6i1.2085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v6i1.2085

Budiningsih S, Ohno Y, Prihartono J, Ramli M, Wakai K, Cornain S, et al. Epidemiological analysis of risk factors for breast cancer in Indonesian females. Med J Indones. 2015:4(3):163. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v4i3.913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v4i3.913

Indrati R. Faktor Risiko Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Ca Payudara Wanita di RS DR. Kariadi Semarang, Undip-Tesis; 2015.

Putri F, Hafiza S. Risk factors affecting the incidence of breast cancer. J Public Health. 2013;2(5):115-8.

Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, Anderson GL, Cauley JA, Aragaki AK, Stefanick ML, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in the Women’s health initiative observational study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(8):526-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt043 PMid:23543779 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt043

Anggraini L. Breast cancer risk factors in women. J Public Health. 2014;8(2):102-8.

Balekouzou A, Yin P, Pamatika CM, Bekolo CE, Nambei SW, Djeintote M, et al. Reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer in women in Bangui: A case-control study. BMC Womens Health. 2017;17(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0368-0 PMid:28264686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0368-0