Improving the Performance of Children School Meal using Meal Report at Kindergarten School in Indonesia: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Haripin Sinaga; Nurman Achmad; Yessi Alza; Berlin Sitanggang

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.7111

Authors

Haripin Sinaga Department of Nutrition, Politeknik Kesehatan Medan, Medan, Indonesia
Nurman Achmad Department of Anthropology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-3918
Yessi Alza Department of Nutrition, Politeknik Kesehatan Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Berlin Sitanggang Department of Nutrition, Politeknik Kesehatan Medan, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7111

Keywords:

School children, Meal report, Meal performance

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Kindergarten children are prone to be stunted. Currently, most kindergarten school run school meal program.

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of school meal report on the meal performance.

METHODS: The study was a Quasi Experiment. Four kindergarten schools were selected; two schools as intervention study and the other two schools as the control group. We enrolled 106 mothers. There were five items of food performance to be scored from 6 to 10. While children in the control group were suggested to bring meals every day without a school meal report.

RESULTS: At baseline the range score of five items was not significantly different, the average score was 7.15±0.21 vs 7.09±0.18; p>.05 in the intervention group and control group respectively. However, at end-line the scores meal performance in the study group was significantly improve and made it meaningfully different than in the control group (8.94±0.31 vs 7.52±0.40; p<.05). The meal performance in both groups started at low performance. However, in study group at week four the scores gradually improved to the best performance at week eight till week twelve, while meal performance children in control group had a low performance.

CONCLUSION: Meal report is effective in improving meal performance of kindergarten children. Future studies need to find the effect of school meal reports on nutritional status and frequency of sickness.

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References

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Oostindjer M, Aschemann-Witzel J, Wang Q, Skuland AE, Egelandsdal B, Amdam GV, et al. Are school meals a viable and sustainable tool to improve the healthiness and sustainability of children’s diet and food consumption? A cross-national comparative perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57(18):3942-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1197180 PMid:27712088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1197180

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van Stuijvenberg ME, Nel J, Schoeman SE, Lombard CJ, du Plessis LM, Dhansay MA. Low intake of calcium and Vitamin D, but not zinc, iron or Vitamin A, is associated with stunting in 2- to 5-year-old children. Nutrition. 2015;31(6):841-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.011 PMid:25933491 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.011

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Rampersaud GC, Pereira MA, Girard BL, Adams J, Metzl JD. Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(5):743-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.02.007 PMid:15883552 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.02.007

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Sum TA. The importance teaching children for school children. J Smart Paud. 2019;2(1):43-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36709/jspaud.v2i1.5919

Allen KN, Taylor JS, Kuiper R. Effectiveness of nutrition education on fast food choices in adolescents. J Sch Nurs. 2007;23(6):337-41. PMid:18052519 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230060601

Anderson ML, Gallagher J, Ramirez Ritchie E. School meal quality and academic performance. J Public Econ. 2018;168:81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.09.013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.09.013

Brunstein JC, Heckhausen H. Achievement motivation. In: Motivation and Action. 3rd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65094-4_6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65094-4_6

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Schapira MM, Fletcher KE, Ganschow PS, Walker CM, Tyler B, Del Pozo S, et al. The meaning of numbers in health: Exploring health numeracy in a mexican-american population. J Gen Intern Med. 2011;26(7):705-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1645-5 PMid:21336671 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1645-5

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Majamanda J, Maureen D, Munkhondia TM, Carrier J. The effectiveness of community-based nutrition education on the nutrition status of under-five children in developing countries. A systematic review. Malawi Med J. 2014;26(4):115-8. PMid:26167260

Viteri FE, Gonzalez H. Adverse outcomes of poor micronutrient status in childhood and adolescence. Nutr Rev. 2002;60(5):S77-83. https://doi.org/10.1301/00296640260130795 PMid:12035865 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1301/00296640260130795

Giménez-Legarre N, Miguel-Berges ML, Flores-Barrantes P, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Moreno LA. Breakfast characteristics and its association with daily micronutrients intake in children and adolescents-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103201 PMid:33092061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103201

Perdana F, Hardinsyah H. Analisys of type and nutrient quality of breakfast of Indonesian children. J Gizi dan Pangan. 2013;8(1):39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2013.8.1.39-46

Fung F, Wang HS, Menon S. Food safety in the 21st century. Biomed J. 2018;41(2):88-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2018.03.003

Steinmetz HM. How efective are behavior change intervention based on the theory of planned behavior. Zeitschr Psychol. 2016;224:216-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000255