Novel Insight of Cytokeratin 14 as a Biomarker in Diagnosing Bladder Cancer

Taufiq Nur Budaya; Happy Kurnia  Permatasari; Widodo Widodo; Sumarno Reto Prawiro

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.7258

Authors

Taufiq Nur Budaya Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
Happy Kurnia Permatasari Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Widodo Widodo Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Sumarno Reto Prawiro Department Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7258

Keywords:

Cytokeratin 14, Bladder cancer, Diagnosis, Urinary biomarker

Abstract

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common type of cancer occurring in men. Screening for bladder cancer is often difficult due to limited proper modality and symptoms that is mild and unspecific. Leaving it untreated leads to greater morbidity and mortality. Therefore, finding a simple biomarker for screening purpose is necessary. Cytokeratin (CK) has been studied extensively as cancer biomarker. Detectable soluble CK was found in body fluid, including urine, and histological specimen using immunoassays. The level of its expression is mainly affected by cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular stress. CK 14, which is type I CK, was detected in the basal layer of epithelial cells and specific for squamous type of epithelial cell. CK 14 analysis in bladder cancer has revealed numerous functions such as predicting the development of bladder cancer, differentiating cancer origins, stratifying bladder cancer patients based on disease severity, and predicting bladder cancer recurrence. Its potential to become excellent biomarker makes it subject of interest in research development.

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