Spectrum of Complications of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: An Experience of Tertiary Nephrology Center in Najaf City-Iraq

Authors

  • Evan Noori Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
  • Rawaa Hadi Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
  • Yasir Sharba Najaf Nephrology and Transplant Center, Kufa, Iraq
  • Zahraa Fathi Sharba Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7274

Keywords:

Chronic kidney disease, Maintenance continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Complications

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also called chronic kidney failure, is described as gradual loss of kidney function. CKD can progress to end-stage kidney failure, which is fatal without artificial filtering (dialysis) or kidney transplant. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has a widespread renal replacement therapy with great acceptance because of simplicity, flexibility, and independence.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) in patients with CKD.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study, involved 140 patients, aged between 18 and 80 years old and suffered from CKD under maintenance CAPD in the dialysis unit of the renal center. All data regarding the sociodemographic profile of the patient, vitals, etiological diagnosis, frequency and duration of dialysis, and dialysis-related complications were taken.

RESULTS: In the current study, there is a significant difference in the distribution of complications among gender where the female patients had a higher incidence of both infectious and non-infectious complications. The study also reported that there is much lower rate of complications among patients on laparoscope operation in compared with the open operation. In addition, patients with open abdomen PD developed the complications earlier than those with laparoscope maintenance CAPD.

CONCLUSION: Peritoneal infection is the most prevalent complication among the other complications in the current study. There is much lower rate of complications among patients on PD in compared with hemodialysis and on laparoscope in compared with the open operation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Li PK, Chow KM, Van de Luijtgaarden MW, Johnson DW, Jager KJ, Mehrotra R, et al. Changes in the worldwide epidemiology of peritoneal dialysis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(2):90-103. http://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2016.181 PMid:28029154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2016.181

Chen TK, Sperati CJ, Thavarajah S, Grams ME. Reducing kidney function decline in patients with CKD: Core curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(6):969-83. http://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.12.022 PMid:33892998 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.12.022

Crews DC, Bello AK, Saadi G. 2019 world kidney day editorial burden, access, and disparities in kidney disease. J Bras Nefrol. 2019;41(1):1-9. http://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2018-0224 PMid:31063178 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0224

Yang C, Wang H, Zhao X, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Zhang L, et al. CKD in China: Evolving Spectrum and public health implications. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76(2):258-64. http://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.032 PMid:31492486 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.032

Lv JC, Zhang LX. Prevalence and disease burden of chronic kidney disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1165:3-15. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_1 PMid:31399958 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_1

Ng JK, Li PK. Chronic kidney disease epidemic: How do we deal with it? Nephrology (Carlton). 2018;23(Suppl 4):116-20. http://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13464 PMid:30298662 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13464

Provenzano M, Coppolino G, Faga T, Garofalo C, Serra R, Andreucci M. Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease patients: The real silent killer. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2019;20(4):209-20. http://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm.2019.04.548 PMid:31912712 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm.2019.04.548

GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709-33. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3 PMid:32061315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32977-0

Kwek JL, Kee TYS. World kidney day 2020: Advances in preventive nephrology. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2020;49(4):175-9. PMid:32419005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47102/Annals-acadmedsg.202044

Carney EF. The impact of chronic kidney disease on global health. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(5):251. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0268-7 PMid:32144399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0268-7

Kadhim HM, Al-Ghanimi HH, Al-Dedah RM. Haematological Parameters and Biochemical Indices in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease before Haemodialysis Al-Furat Al-awsat Governorates/Iraq. Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2290, 020004; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027856 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027856

Andreoli MC, Totoli C. Peritoneal dialysis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020;66 (Suppl 1):s37-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.S1.37 PMid:31939534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.s1.37

Choudhary G, Manapragada PP, Wallace E, Bhambhvani P. Utility of scintigraphy in assessment of noninfectious complications of peritoneal dialysis. J Nucl Med Technol. 2019;47(2):163-8. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.118.223156 PMid:30700534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.118.223156

Pindi G, Kawle V, Sunkara RR, Darbha MS, Garikaparthi S. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis: Microbiology and outcomes. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2020;38(1):72-77. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_251 PMid:32719212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_251

Wearne N, Kilonzo K, Effa E, Davidson B, Nourse P, Ekrikpo U, et al. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: Perspectives on patient selection in low to middle-income countries. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017;10:1-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S104208 PMid:28115864 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S104208

Afshan S, Earl TM, Anderson CD, Dixit M. A rare complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter: Perforation of sigmoid colon by migrating tip of peritoneal dialysis catheter. Am J Case Rep. 2020;21:e922828. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.922828 PMid:32669533 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.922828

Tang SC, Lai KN. Peritoneal dialysis: The ideal bridge from conservative therapy to kidney transplant. J Nephrol. 2020;33(6):1189-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00787-0. PMid:32654095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00787-0

Cho Y, Bello AK, Levin A, Lunney M, Osman MA, Ye F, et al. Peritoneal dialysis use and practice patterns: An international survey study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(3):315-25. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.032 PMid:32800844 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.032

Tan R, Sieunarine K. Peritoneal dialysis catheter intraluminal fibrin cast: A complication after prolonged placement. Case series with a review of literature and the management of this complication. J Vasc Access. 2020;21(6):1029-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1129729820917855 PMid:32364814 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1129729820917855

Barman TK, Roy S, Hossain SM, Salahuddin AZ, Huq MO. Comparison of cardiac outcome of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in CKD5 patients with heart failure. Mymensingh Med J. 2020;29(4):793-9. PMid:33116079

Chrysohoou C, Bougatsos G, Magkas N, Skoumas J, Kapota A, Kopelias J, et al. Peritoneal dialysis as a therapeutic solution in elderly patients with cardiorenal syndrome and heart failure: A case-series report. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2020;61(2):73-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjc.2019.04.010 PMid:31055051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjc.2019.04.010

Bonomini M, Borras FE, Troya-Saborido M, Carreras-Planella L, Di Liberato L, Arduini A. Proteomic research in peritoneal dialysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(15):5489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms21155489 PMid:32752018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155489

Hsu CC, Huang CC, Chang YC, Chen JS, Tsai WC, Wang KY. A comparison of quality of life between patients treated with different dialysis modalities in Taiwan. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0227297. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227297 PMid:31907493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227297

Gorsane I, Ben Hamida S, Ben Hamida F, Ounissi M, Harzallah A, Ben Abdallah T. Peritoneal dialysis in diabetes patients. Tunis Med. 2019;97(8-9):1017-20. PMid:32173851

Al Sahlawi M, Bargman JM, Perl J. Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: Suggestions for management and mistakes to avoid. Kidney Med. 2020;2(4):467-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.04.010 PMid:32775987 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.04.010

Kokubu M, Matsui M, Uemura T, Morimoto K, Eriguchi M, Samejima K, et al. Relationship between initial peritoneal dialysis modality and risk of peritonitis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18763. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75918-5 PMid:33127929 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75918-5

Morrisette T, Canada RB, Padgett D, Hudson JQ. Factors associated with increased hospital length of stay in peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis: A need for antimicrobial stewardship? Hosp Pharm. 2020;55(1):50-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018578718817944 PMid:31983767 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018578718817944

Bieber S, Mehrotra R. Peritoneal dialysis access associated infections. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2019;26(1):23-9. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2018.09.002 PMid:30876613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2018.09.002

Cheng BC, Tsai NW, Lai YR, Huang CC, Lu CH. Impact of intra-abdominal adhesion on dialysis outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1978765. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1978765 PMid:30356377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1978765

Al-Lawati AI, Al Shaibi M, Al Mahruqi G, Augustine T, Moinuddin Z, Al Hinai M, et al. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: A case report and literature review. Am J Case Rep. 2020;21:e925341. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.925341 PMid:33011732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.925341

Geerlings SE. Clinical presentations and epidemiology of urinary tract infections. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(5):2. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0002-2012 PMid:27780014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0002-2012

Kranz J, Wagenlehner FM, Schneidewind L. Komplizierte Harnwegsinfektionen (Complicated urinary tract infections). Urologe A. 2020;59(12):1480-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-020-01343-1 PMid:33025113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-020-01343-1

Stapleton AE. The vaginal microbiota and urinary tract infection. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(6):25. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0025-2016 PMid:28087949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0025-2016

Sabih A, Leslie SW. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2021. PMid:28613784

Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O’Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS, et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0158765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158765 PMid:27383068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158765

Chou YH, Yen CJ, Lai TS, Chen YM. Old age is a positive modifier of renal outcome in Taiwanese patients with stages 3-5 chronic kidney disease. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31(11):1651-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-01117-y PMid:30628047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-01117-y

Bircan HY, Kulah E. Effects of a novel peritoneal dialysis: The open versus laparoscopic preperitoneal tunneling technique. Ther Apher Dial. 2016;20(1):66-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-9987.12377 PMid:26638124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-9987.12377

Okpechi IG, Ekrikpo U, Moloi MW, Noubiap JJ, Okpechi- Samuel US, Bello AK. Prevalence of peritonitis and mortality in patients with ESKD treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis in Africa: A systematic review. BMJ Open. 2020;10(12):e039970. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039970 PMid:33361076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039970

Janez J. Laparoscopically assisted insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter. J Minim Access Surg. 2019;15(1):80-3. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmas.JMAS_196_17 PMid:29319017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jmas.JMAS_196_17

Carpenter JL, Fallon SC, Swartz SJ, Minifee PK, Cass DL, Nuchtern JG, et al. Outcomes after peritoneal dialysis catheter placement. J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51(5):730-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.011 PMid:26936290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.011

Dias DB, Mendes ML, Caramori JT, Dos Reis PF, Ponce D. Urgent-start dialysis: Comparison of complications and outcomes between peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2021;41(2):244-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896860820915021 PMid:32223522 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0896860820915021

Smith BM, Dan AG. Operative technique for laparoscopic placement of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2020;30(7):815-9. https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2019.0750 PMid:32074477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2019.0750

Bartaula B, Subedi M, Kumar MM, Shrestha M, Bichha N, Mudbhari B. Spectrum of complications in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: An experience of a tertiary care center in Nepal. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2019;30(1):208-14. PMid:30804283 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-2442.252912

Mehrotra R, Devuyst O, Davies SJ, Johnson DW. The current state of peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(11):3238-52. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2016010112 PMid:27339663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2016010112

Szeto CC, Li PK. Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14(7):1100-5. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.14631218 PMid:31068338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.14631218

Stauffer ME, Fan T. Prevalence of anemia in chronickidney disease in the United States. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e84943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084943 PMid:24392162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084943

Sofue T, Nakagawa N, Kanda E, Nagasu H, Matsushita K, Nangaku M, et al. Prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan: A nationwide, cross-sectional cohort study using data from the Japan chronic kidney disease database (J-CKD-DB). PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0236132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236132 PMid:32687544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236132

Shaikh H, Aeddula NR. Anemia of Chronic Renal Disease. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2021. PMid:30969693

Hanna RM, Streja E, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Burden of anemia in chronic kidney disease: Beyond erythropoietin. Adv Ther. 2021;38(1):52-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01524-6 PMid:33123967 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01524-6

Jorge J, Haggerty SP. Acute genital edema during peritoneal dialysis: A review for surgeons. Am Surg. 2015;81(11):1187-94. PMid:26672592 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000313481508101134

Downloads

Published

2021-10-13

How to Cite

1.
Noori E, Hadi R, Sharba Y, Sharba ZF. Spectrum of Complications of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: An Experience of Tertiary Nephrology Center in Najaf City-Iraq. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021 Oct. 13 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];9(B):1529-34. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/7274