Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Countermeasures: A Literature Review

Edza Aria Wikurendra; Novera Herdiani; Yenni Gustiani Tarigan; Arie Arizandi Kurnianto

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.7287

Authors

Edza Aria Wikurendra Doctoral School of Management and Organizational Science, Faculty of Economic Science, Magyar Agrár-és Élettudományi Egyetem, Kaposvár, Hungary; Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-375X
Novera Herdiani Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Surabaya, Indonesia
Yenni Gustiani Tarigan Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
Arie Arizandi Kurnianto Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7287

Keywords:

Tuberculosis, Risk factors, Pulmonary tuberculosis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is still the primary infectious disease in the world due to HIV/AIDS. In the 2015-2019 strategic plan of the Ministry of Health, infectious diseases are one of the main priorities that must create a Healthy Indonesia. The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Indonesia is 539,000 new cases each year, with the number of deaths around 101,000 per year. Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) (+) incidence rate is around 110/ 100,000 population.

AIM: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors and efforts to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method was carried out by tracing the research reports/articles related to pulmonary tuberculosis incidence as many as 38 selected articles.

RESULT: Factors that influence tuberculosis infection incidence include age, income level (socioeconomic), housing conditions, the behavior of opening windows every morning, smoking, and a history of contact with tuberculosis patients. There are various countermeasures undertaken to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis, one of which uses a tissue model. This model involves many stakeholders whose duty is to provide knowledge and record the number of sufferers. The stages of action to control tuberculosis include discovery, treatment, and surveillance.

CONCLUSION: Facts in the field show that several factors can affect the success of implementing pulmonary tuberculosis control. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in all society components and involve other agencies beyond the health agency so the reduction in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis can be appropriately realized.

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