Culturally Adapted Psychoeducation among Family Caregivers of Schizophrenic Clients: A Scoping Review

Imas Rafiyah; Suryani Suryani; Laili Rahayuwati; Wandee Suttharangsee

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.7315

Authors

Imas Rafiyah Department of Mental Health Nursing
Suryani Suryani Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
Laili Rahayuwati Department of Fundamental of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
Wandee Suttharangsee Education and Innovative Learning Academy, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Hatyay, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7315

Keywords:

Culture, Family caregivers, Psychoeducation, Schizophrenia

Abstract

Background: As psychoeducation was originally developed from Western, this intervention should be integrated with a culture to obtain effective outcomes. However, how culturally adapted psychoeducation on family caregivers of schizophrenic client developed in previous studies has not been systematically documented. The purpose of this review was to map culturally adapted psychoeducation in previous studies. Methods: This scoping review followed Arksey & O'Malley approach. Inclusion criteria including family caregiver, culture, psychoeducation, schizophrenia. Non-primary and non-experiment studies, non-English language and non-free articles were excluded. Advanced search technique used keywords family caregiver, culture, psychoeducation, schizophrenia on CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycInfo databases. Screening was done by checking duplication, title, and abstract. Full text of relevant articles was read in detail to select eligible articles. Selection results were described in the PRISMA flow chart. Data were analyzed after these were extracted and resumed on the table. Result: A total of 8 studies were included in this review. More than half of articles used randomized control trial (RCT) but these studies did not conduct follow up. Most of studies were in Asia (6) and it conducted in the outpatient department (6). Almost all studies modified multifamily group psychoeducation with culture theories. The longest duration of intervention was 12 months. Multidiscipline health professional delivered the intervention and most of the were psychiatrist. Coping was the most family caregiver outcomes in reviewed studies. Conclusion: In conclusion, limited studies were obtained in various ethnics and ways. Further studies need to measure effectiveness of the intervention in long term effect.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Herzog EA, Varcarolis EM. “Schizophrenia” In: Varcarolis ME., Halter JM, editors. Foundation of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: A Clinical Approcah. 6th ed. St Louis, Missouri: Saunders; 2010. p. 306-43.

Ritchie H, Roser M. Mental Health. Our World Data; 2018. Available from: https://www.ourworldindata.org/mental-health#licence. [Last accessed on 2021 Jun 14].

Świtaj P, Anczewska M, Chrostek A, Sabariego C, Cieza A, Bickenbach J, et al. Disability and schizophrenia: A systematic review of experienced psychosocial difficulties. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-12-193 PMid:23137171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-193

James SL, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789-58. https://doi.org/10.3410/f.731220250.793569875 PMid:30496104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3410/f.731220250.793569875

World Health Organization. Mental Health Policies and Action Plans. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007. Available from: https://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/services/1_MHPolicyPlan_Infosheet.pdf?ua=1. [Last accessed on 2021 Jun 15].

Thornicroft G, Deb T, Henderson C. Community mental health care worldwide: Current status and further developments. World Psychiatry. 2016;15(3):276-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20349 PMid:27717265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20349

Irazabal M, Pastor C, Molina MC. Family impact of care and respite service: life experiences of mothers of adult children with intellectual disability and mental disorders. Rev Cercetare Interv Soc. 2016;55:7-18.

Friedman MR, Bowden V, Jones E, editor. Introduction to the family. In: Family Nursing: Research, Theory, and Practice. 5th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.; 2003. p. 1-34.

Jenkins L, Ruth R. Caring for families in the home. In: Home Care Nursing Practice: Concepts and Application. 4th ed. St Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Elsevier; 2006. p. 38-70.

Suryani S. A critical review of symptom management of auditory hallucinations in patient with schizophrenia. J Keperawatan Padjadjaran. 2015;3(3):150-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v3n3.3

Young L, Murata L, McPherson C, Jacob JD, Vandyk AD. Exploring the experiences of parent caregivers of adult children with schizophrenia: A systematic review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2019;33(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.08.005 PMid:30663631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.08.005

Fekadu W, Mihiretu A, Craig TK, Fekadu A. Multidimensional impact of severe mental illness on family members: Systematic review. BMJ Open. 2019;9(12):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032391

Suryani S. Caring for a family member with schizophrenia: The experience of family carers in Indonesia. Malaysia J Psychiatry. 2015;24(1):15.

Rafiyah I. Sundanese caregivers burden caring for persons with schizophrenia. iCDMIC. 2017;1(1):1-7.

Sin J, Murrells T, Spain D, Norman I, Henderson C. Wellbeing, mental health knowledge and caregiving experiences of siblings of people with psychosis, compared to their peers and parents: An exploratory study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(9):1247-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1222-7 PMid:27121259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1222-7

Rafiyah I, Suttharangsee W, Sangchan H. Social support and coping of indonesian family caregivers caring for persons with schizophrenia. Nurse Media J Nurs. 2011;1(2):159-68.

Caqueo-Urízar A, Boyer L, Baumstarck K, Gilman SE. The relationships between patients’ and caregivers’ beliefs about the causes of schizophrenia and clinical outcomes in Latin American countries. Psychiatry Res. 2015;229(1-2):440-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.033 PMid:26188641 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.033

Koschorke M, Padmavati R, Kumar S, Cohen A, Weiss HA, Chatterjee S, et al. Experiences of stigma and discrimination of people with schizophrenia in India. Soc Sci Med. 2014;123:149-59. PMid:25462616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.035

Hamaie Y, Ohmuro N, Katsura M, Obara C, Kikuchi T, Ito F, et al. Criticism and depression among the caregivers of at-risk mental state and first-episode psychosis patients. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156590 PMid:26918629 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149875

Bastug G, Karanci N. The impact of caregivers’ expressed emotion and the patients’ perception of expressed emotion on the positive and negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia in a sample from Turkey. Dusunen Adam. 2015;28(2):127-39. https://doi.org/10.5350/dajpn2015280205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2015280205

Pothimas N, Tungpunkom P, Chanprasit C, Kitsumban V. A Cross-sectional Study of Factors Predicting Relapse in People with Schizophrenia. Pac Rim Int J Nurs Res. 2020;24(4):448-59.

Nurmaela M, Suryani S, Rafiyah I. The relationship of family resilience with relapse in the schizophrenia patients at psychiatric unit. J Keperawatan Padjadjaran. 2018;6:340. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v6i1.340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v6i1.340

Opoku-Boateng YN, Kretchy IA, Aryeetey GC, Dwomoh D, Decker S, Agyemang SA, et al. Economic cost and quality of life of family caregivers of schizophrenic patients attending psychiatric hospitals in Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(2):697. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2642-0 PMid:29219074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2642-0

Chen LF, Liu J, Zhang J, Lu XQ. Non-pharmacological interventions for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2015;235:123-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.037 PMid:26639649 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.037

Sin J, Gillard S, Spain D, Cornelius V, Chen T, Henderson C. Effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions for family carers of people with psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;56:13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.002

McFarlane WR. Family Interventions for Schizophrenia and the psychoses: A review. Fam Process. 2016;55(3):460-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12235 PMid:28578249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12235

Falloon I, Boyd J, Moss H, Cardin V, McGill C, Razani J. Behavioural family therapy for schizophrenia: A controlled two-year study. Epidemiol Community Psychiatry. 1985;146:481-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4700-2_73 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4700-2_73

Anderson C, Hogarty G, Reiss D. The psychoeducational family treatment of schizophrenia. New Dir Ment Health Serv. 1981;62:79-94. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.23319811207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.23319811207

Bradley GM, Couchman GM, Perlesz A, Nguyen AT, Singh B, Riess C. Multiple-family group treatment for english-and vietnamese-speaking families living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2006;57(4):521-30. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2006.57.4.521 PMid:16603748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2006.57.4.521

Spencer H. What is Culture ? Compiled. New York: Global Core Concepts; 2012.

Pooe JM, Sokudela B, Roos JL, Motlana LM, Dlamini N, Snyman M. Testing the effectiveness of existing psycho-educational material (The Alliance Programme) for patients suffering from schizophrenia in the South African context. African J Psychiatry. 2010;13(4):302–8. http://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v13i4.61881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v13i4.61881

Bernal G, Jiménez-Chafey MI, Domenech Rodríguez MM. Cultural adaptation of treatments: A resource for considering culture in evidence-based practice. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2009;40(4):361-8. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016401

Shin SK. Effects of culturally relevant psychoeducation for Korean American families of persons with chronic mental illness. Res Soc Work Pract. 2004;14(4):231-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731503262130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731503262130

Ferrin M, Moreno-Granados JM, Salcedo-Marin MD, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Perez-Ayala V, Taylor E. Evaluation of a psychoeducation programme for parents of children and adolescents with ADHD: Immediate and long-term effects using a blind randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;23(8):637-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0494-7 PMid:24292412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0494-7

Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol Theory Pract. 2005;8(1):19-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616

Kung WW, Tseng YF, Wang Y, Hsu PC, Chen D. Pilot study of ethnically sensitive family psychoeducation for chinese-american patients with schizophrenia. Soc Work Ment Health. 2012;10(5):384-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2012.678570 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2012.678570

Shiraishi N, Watanabe N, Katsuki F, Sakaguchi H, Akechi T. Effectiveness of the Japanese standard family psychoeducation on the mental health of caregivers of young adults with schizophrenia : A randomised controlled trial. 2019;1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2252-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2252-y

Barrio C, Yamada AM. Culturally based intervention development: The case of Latino families dealing with schizophrenia. Res Soc Work Pract. 2010;20(5):483-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731510361613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731510361613

Kopelowicz A, Zarate R, Wallace CJ, Liberman RP, Lopez SR, Mintz J. The ability of multifamily groups to improve treatment adherence in Mexican Americans with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(3):265-73. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.135 PMid:2393219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.135

Khalil AH, ELNahas G, Ramy H, Abdel Aziz K, Elkholy H, El-Ghamry R. Impact of a culturally adapted behavioural family psychoeducational programme in patients with schizophrenia in Egypt. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2019;23(1):62-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2018.1480786 PMid:30015534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2018.1480786

Husain MO, Khoso AB, Renwick L, Kiran T, Saeed S, Lane S, et al. Culturally adapted family intervention for schizophrenia in Pakistan: A feasibility study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2020;25(3):258-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-010-9305-5 PMid:32930011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2020.1819332

Chow W, Law S, Andermann L, Yang J, Leszcz M, Wong J, et al. Multi-family psycho-education group for assertive community treatment clients and families of culturally diverse background: A pilot study. Community Ment Health J. 2010;46(4):364-71. PMid:20414724 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-010-9305-5

Katsuki F, Takeuchi H, Inagaki T, Maeda T, Kubota Y, Shiraishi N, et al. Brief multifamily Psychoeducation for family members of patients with chronic major depression: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1788-6 PMid:29929495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1788-6