Effect of Stromal Vascular Fraction on Fracture Healing with Bone Defects by Examination of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Biomarkers in Murine Model

Respati S. Dradjat; Panji Sananta; Rizqi Daniar Rosandi; Lasa Dhakka Siahaan

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.7385

Authors

Respati S. Dradjat Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia
Panji Sananta Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia
Rizqi Daniar Rosandi Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia
Lasa Dhakka Siahaan Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1123-3013

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7385

Keywords:

Bone defect, Stromal vascular fraction, Bone morphogenetic protein-2

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Fractures and segmental bone defects are a significant cause of morbidity and a source of a high economic burden in healthcare. A severe bone defect (3 mm in murine model) is a devastating condition, which the bone cannot heal naturally despite surgical stabilization and usually requires further surgical intervention. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) contains a heterogeneous collection of cells and several components, primarily: MSCs, HSCs, Treg cells, pericytic cells, AST cells, extracellular matrix, and complex microvascular beds (fibroblasts, white blood cells, dendritic cells, and intra-adventitial smooth muscular-like cells). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is widely known for their important role in bone formation during mammalian development and confers a multifunctional role in the body, which has potential for therapeutic use. Studies have shown that BMPs play a role in the healing of large size bone defects.

AIM: In this study, researchers aim to determine the effect of administering SVF from adipose tissue on the healing process of bone defects assessed based on the level biomarker of BMP-2.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an animal study involving 12 Wistar strain Rattus norvegivus. They were divided into three groups: Negative group (normal rats), positive group (rats with bone defect without SVF application), and SVF group (rats with bone defect with SVF application). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed; the biomarkers that were evaluated are BMP-2. This biomarker was quantified using ELISA.

RESULTS: BMP-2 biomarker expressions were higher in the SVF application group than in the group without SVF. All comparisons of the SVF group and positive control group showed significant differences (p = 0.026).

CONCLUSION: SVF application could aid the healing process in a murine model with bone defect marked by the increased level of BMP-2 as a bone formation marker.

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