The Expression of Chromogranin A, Syanptophysin and Ki67 in Detecting Neuroendocrine Neoplasma at High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

W. A. Gusti Deasy; M. Husni Cangara; Andi Alfian Zainuddin; Djumadi Achmad; Syarifuddin Wahid; Upik A. Miskad

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.7419

Authors

W. A. Gusti Deasy Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
M. Husni Cangara Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Andi Alfian Zainuddin Department of Public Health and Community, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Djumadi Achmad Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Syarifuddin Wahid Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Upik A. Miskad Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7419

Keywords:

Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is an epithelial cell neoplasm that can give a histopathological appearance resembling high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical assays with specific neuroendocrine markers of chromogranin A and synaptophysin are required to establish a definite diagnosis of NEN.

AIM: This study aimed to determine whether there was an expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67 which indicated the presence of neuroendocrine neoplasms in samples that have been diagnosed as high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study of the expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67 in paraffin blocks was carried out as a result of biopsy and tissue surgery of 70 samples of colorectal tumor specimens diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Descriptive analyses were used to assess the study results of the amount of chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and sample characteristics.

RESULTS: We discovered that eight (8) samples (11.4%) were NEN from 70 previously diagnosed samples as high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemical assay with neuroendocrine markers, namely chromogranin A and synaptophysin.

CONCLUSION: The final diagnosis obtained from 8 samples diagnosed as NEN were Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G1, G2, and G3, respectively 1.4% and LCNEC 7.1% based on the specific neuroendocrine markers of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Yusuf I, Pardamean B, Baurley JW, Budiarto A, Miskad UA, Lusikooy RE, et al. Genetic risk factors for colorectal cancer in multiethnic Indonesians. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88805-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88805-4

Kyriakopoulos G, Mavroeidi V, Chatzellis E, Kaltsas GA, Alexandraki KI. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, genetic and molecular markers of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6(12):252-2. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2018.06.27 PMid:30069454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2018.06.27

Herrera-Martínez AD, Hofland LJ, Gálvez Moreno MA, Castaño JP, De Herder WW, Feelders RA. Neuroendocrine neoplasms: Current and potential diagnostic, predictive and prognostic markers. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2019;26(3):R157-79. https://doi.org/10.1530/Erc-18-0354 PMid:30615596 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-18-0354

Bruera G, Giuliani A, Romano L, Chiominto A, Di Sibio A, Mastropietro S, et al. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine rectal carcinoma with uncommon immune-histochemical features and clinical presentation with a subcutaneous metastasis, treated with first line intensive triplet chemotherapy plus bevacizumab FIr-B/FOx regimen: An exper. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):960. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-6214-z PMid:31619203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-6214-z

Rindi G, Komminoth P, Scoazec JY. olorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm. In: Nagtegaal ID, Arends MJ, Odze RD, editors. WHO Classification of Tumours Digestive System Tumours. 5th ed. Lyon: World Health Organization; 2019. p. 188-91.

Miskad UA, Hamzah N, Cangara MH, Nelwan BJ, Masadah R, Wahid S. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Minerva Med. 2020;111(4):337-43. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4806.20.06401-0 PMid:33032394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4806.20.06401-0

Chen Y, Liu F, Meng Q, Ma S. Is neuroendocrine differentiation a prognostic factor in poorly differentiated colorectal cancer? World J Surg Oncol. 2017;15(1):4-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12957-017-1139-y PMid:28351413 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-017-1139-y

Kim JJ, Park SS, Lee TG, Lee HC, Lee SJ. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon with carcinomatosis peritonei. Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(4):222-5. https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.02.27 PMid:30048995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.02.27

Duan K, Mete O. Algorithmic approach to neuroendocrine tumors in targeted biopsies: Practical applications of immunohistochemical markers. Cancer Cytopathol. 2016;124(12):871-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.21765 PMid:27529763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.21765

Oberg K, Couvelard A, Delle Fave G, Gross D, Grossman A, Jensen RT, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: Biochemical markers. Neuroendocrinology. 2017;105(3):201-11. https://doi.org/10.1159/000472254 PMid:28391265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000472254

Marotta V, Zatelli MC, Sciammarella C, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, Colao A, et al. Chromogranin a as circulating marker for diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms: More flaws than fame. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2018;25(1):R11-29. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0269 PMid:29066503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0269

Miskad UA, Krisnuhoni E, Handjari DR, Rahadiani N, Stephanie M. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEPNET): Perspektif penegakan diagnosis patologi anatomie. In: Rahadiani N, editor. Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (GEPNET): Perspektif Penegakan Diagnosis Patologi Anatomi. Jakarta: (IAPI), Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi anatomi; 2019. p. 1-57.

Feldman AT, Wolfe D. Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1180:31-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1050-2_3 PMid:25015141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1050-2_3

Bratthauer GL. The avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method and other avidin-biotin binding methods. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;588:257-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-324-0_26 PMid:20012837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-324-0_26

Mahayasa M, Wibowo PS. Tumor neuroendokrin: Kasus serial di RSUD Dr. Soetomo. JBN. 2018;2(1):28. https://doi.org/10.24843/JBN.2018.v02.i01.p05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/JBN.2018.v02.i01.p05

Amber Cockburn TAR. Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Lesions. In: Noffsinger A, editor. Fenoglio-Preiser’s Gastrointestinal Pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2017. p. 3354-433.

Amoruso M, Papagni V, Picciariello A, Pinto VL, Abbicco DD, Margari A. CASE REPORT-OPEN ACCESS international journal of surgery case reports intestinal occlusion by stenotic neuroendocrine tumours of left colon and concomitant association with small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumours: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;53:182-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.10.034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.10.034

Kojima M, Ikeda K, Saito N, Sakuyama N, Koushi K, Kawano S, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors of the large intestine: Clinicopathological features and predictive factors of lymph node metastasis. Front Oncol. 2016;6:173. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2016.0017 PMid:27486567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2016.00173

Al-Risi ES, Al-Essry FS, Mula-Abed WA. Chromogranin A as a biochemical marker for neuroendocrine tumors: A single center experience at Royal Hospital, Oman. Oman Med J. 2017;32(5):365-70. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2017.71 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2017.71

Gut P, Czarnywojtek A, Fischbach J, Baczyk M, Ziemnicka K, Wrotkowska E, et al. Chromogranin A-unspecific neuroendocrine marker. Clinical utility and potential diagnostic pitfalls. Arch Med Sci. 2016;12(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2016.57577 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2016.57577

Crabtree JS, Miele L. Neuroendocrine tumors: Current therapies, notch signaling, and cancer stem cells. J Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2016;2(8):279. https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2016.30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2016.30

Lee SM, Sung CO. Comprehensive analysis of mutational and clinicopathologic characteristics of poorly differentiated colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85593-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85593-9

Stewart SL, Wike JM, Kato I, Lewis DR, Michaud F. A population-based study of colorectal cancer histology in the United States, 1998-2001. Cancer. 2006;107 Suppl 1:1128-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22010 PMid:16802325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22010