Risk Factors and Incidence of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Non-severe Coronavirus Disease-19 Patients

Srdjan  Babic; Aleksandar Babic; Milica Stojicic; Milena Gencic; Slobodan Tanaskovic; Dragana Radoicic; Predrag Gajin; Igor Atanasijevic; Nenad Ilijevski

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.7455

Authors

Srdjan Babic Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Heroja Milana Tepica, Beograd, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-9190
Aleksandar Babic Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Heroja Milana Tepica, Beograd, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-9043
Milica Stojicic Clinic of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Beograd, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-1082
Milena Gencic Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Heroja Milana Tepica, Beograd, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2970-3204
Slobodan Tanaskovic Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Heroja Milana Tepica, Beograd, Serbia
Dragana Radoicic Cardiology Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Heroja Milana Tepica, Belgrade, Serbia
Predrag Gajin Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Heroja Milana Tepica, Beograd, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-8805
Igor Atanasijevic Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Heroja Milana Tepica, Beograd, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8460-1975
Nenad Ilijevski Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease “Dedinje,” Heroja Milana Tepica, Beograd, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-9556

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7455

Keywords:

Coronavirus disease-19, D-dimer, Deep vein thrombosis, Doppler ultrasound scanning

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by a high prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), particularly in its severe form, but the incidence of DVT and risk factors for DVT in non-severe patients are still unknown.

METHODS: The study enrolled 118 patients with non-severe COVID-19 infection which did not required hospital admittance. A duplex ultrasound and laboratory test were performed in all the patients after the first negative polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 test.

RESULTS: DVT was identified in 50 (42.4%) patients with a median age of 48 years (interquartile range 30–85 years). Symptomatic DVT was present in 40 (80%) patients and was commonly seen in the Class I calf vein thrombosis (38 patients, 76%) (χ²= 51.71, p < 0.001). The most significant risk factors for DVT were as follows: Increased C-reactive protein (p = 0.000), fibrinogen (p = 0.000), low lymphocyte count (p = 0.002), obesity (p = 0.017), and neutrophil count (p = 0.042). The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a D-dimer cutoff point of 1253.5 μg/L showed a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 71%.

CONCLUSION: Patients with increased inflammatory markers and obese patients after a non-severe COVID-19 infection should have an ultrasound examination to ensure early diagnosis of DVT and to prevent the occurrence of any complications.

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