Comparison between Interleukin-2 Serum Levels and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Scores of Schizophrenia Patients that Received Haloperidol with Risperidone Therapy

Andi Jayalangkara Tanra; Kristian Liaury; Novianti Hajai; Andi Alfian Zainuddin; Sonny T. Lisal; Gita Vita Soraya; Saidah Syamsuddin

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.7631

Authors

Andi Jayalangkara Tanra Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Kristian Liaury Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Novianti Hajai Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Andi Alfian Zainuddin Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Sonny T. Lisal Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Gita Vita Soraya Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Saidah Syamsuddin Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7631

Keywords:

Interleukin-2, Positive and negative syndrome scale, Schizophrenia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is a possibility of interleukin-2 (IL-2) being involved in the pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. The increase of IL-2 levels has been discovered in the serum of schizophrenic patients in earlier studies. An amount of antipsychotic has been associated with the decrease of IL-2.

AIM: Therefore, this study was intended to compare the serum IL-2 levels of schizophrenic patients who received Haloperidol therapy with patients who received Risperidone as well as examine the relationship between serum IL-2 levels with the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) score of schizophrenic patients receiving Haloperidol and Risperidone therapy.

METHODS: This study is an observational study with a prospective cohort design consisting of 36 patients who have met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition criteria for Schizophrenic patients who did not take antipsychotic drugs for 2 weeks and were hospitalized at the Special Hospital of South Sulawesi Province. Afterwards, the patients were grouped into two groups, where each group consisted of 18 people, namely, the group of patients who received Haloperidol and the group of patients who received Risperidone, and then were furtherly evaluated until the 4th week. The sample examination method used was enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to see the blood serum IL-2 levels. Clinical symptoms of Schizophrenia were assessed using the PANSS score.

RESULTS: The study showed that serum IL-2 levels decreased at the 4th week after conducting antipsychotic therapy among both groups. The decrease in PANSS scores in the Risperidone group was greater compared to the Haloperidol group at week 3 and week 4. In the serum IL-2 levels difference of the group who received Risperidone therapy, the decrease was greater than those receiving Haloperidol therapy (3.72 ± 1.30 ng/ml vs. 2.43 ± 1.39 ng/ml, p = 0.008). In addition, based on the correlation test, no significant correlation was present between the difference in the total PANSS score and the difference in the serum IL-2 levels within the Haloperidol group (p = 0.059, r = 0.453) and the Risperidone group (p = 0.518, r = 0.113). Schizophrenic patients have higher serum IL-2 levels than healthy people. Schizophrenic patients who received antipsychotics for 4 weeks experienced a decrease in serum IL-2 levels. Risperidone administration had a higher decrease in serum IL-2 levels than Haloperidol.

CONCLUSION: Changes in serum IL-2 levels as a consideration of one of the Biomarkers are still needed for further evaluation. The therapeutic role of Haloperidol and Risperidone can be attributed as anti-inflammatory in Schizophrenia but cannot be attributed to improvement in the psychopathological status of Schizophrenic patients.

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