Multicomponent Crystal of Trimethoprim and Citric Acid: Solid State Characterization and Dissolution Rate Studies

Salman Umar; Rido Farnandi; Hulwa Salsabila; Erizal Zaini

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.7920

Authors

Salman Umar Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Rido Farnandi Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Hulwa Salsabila Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
Erizal Zaini Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7920

Keywords:

Trimethoprim, Citric acid, Multicomponent crystals, Solvent evaporation, Solubility, Dissolution rate

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Trimethoprim is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with low solubility in water which causes low bioavailability in systemic circulation.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to prepare multicomponent crystals of trimethoprim and citric acid to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of trimethoprim.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicomponent crystals were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Characterizations of multicomponent crystalline solid phase properties were carried out by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility and dissolution rate tests were carried out in aqueous medium.

RESULTS: The PXRD characterization results showed a new X-ray diffraction pattern in the multicomponent crystal phase. DSC analysis showed the formation of a new endothermic peak. This indicates the formation of a multicomponent crystal phase between trimethoprim and citric acid. The results of the SEM analysis indicate the formation of a new crystal habit. Solubility of multi-component crystal phase of trimethoprim increased 7 times compared to intact trimethoprim. The dissolution of trimethoprim and multicomponent crystals in 0.1 N HCl medium at 60 minutes was 56.36% and 95.57% and CO₂-free distilled water medium was 43.03% and 88.26%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the multicomponent phase of trimethoprim crystals with citric acid successfully increase the solubility and dissolution rate of trimethoprim significantly.

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