Predictors of Exclusive Breast Milk Failure Before Six Months: A Study on Exclusive Breastfeeding in the City of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

Authors

  • Sri Wahyuni Bogor Midwifery Study Program, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Ni Gusti Made Ayu Agung Budi Midwifery Study Program, Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta 3, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
  • Gurid Pramintarto Eko Mulyo Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4701-9588
  • Sri Mulyati Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung
  • Fauzia Fauzia Bogor Midwifery Study Program, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7987

Keywords:

Exclusive breastfeeding, The failure factors, The knowledge

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is the cornerstone of a child’s survival and health because it provides essential and irreplaceable nutrients for their growth and development. The coverage rate for exclusive breastfeeding for infants 0–6 months in West Java in 2017 was 55.4%, below the national figure of 61.33%.

AIM: The purpose of this article is to identify the failure factors for exclusive breastfeeding.

METHODS: The study began with a quasi-experimental period with a pre- and post-test group design approach through a health education process about exclusive breastfeeding in the third trimester of pregnancy, followed by a prospective study on breastfeeding practice in infants in the first 6 months of life. The analysis used was Chi-square analysis (χ2) and Paired t-test. Then, followed by a qualitative study to explore the supports and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding through in-depth interviews and carried out an analysis with modified Aronso’s qualitative analysis steps. The quantitative study sample is 50 people. The sample for the qualitative study was 15 people consisting of mothers with babies over 6-months-old, midwives, health staff. The study started from March 2017 to September 2018.

RESULTS: The knowledge score of the intervention group increased significantly from 26.08 before the intervention to 31.78 after the intervention (p-value 0.000), with 3.52 more excellent than the control group. The attitude score of the intervention group rose significantly from 8.2 before the intervention to 13.16 after the intervention (p-value 0.000), with 3.12 more excellent than the control group. The intervention significantly affected exclusive breastfeeding behavior with a p-value of 0.047, but the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding was still 36%. The qualitative study findings contained support and obstacles in implementing exclusive breastfeeding in the city of Bogor. Supporting factors range from a support system in regional regulations and class programs for pregnant women to support for infrastructure. At the same time, obstacles include parenting patterns, individual factors, other internal and external influences.

CONCLUSION: Health education can improve knowledge, attitudes and behavior of exclusive breastfeeding. There are still other predictors of the failure of exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months outside of health education.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

WHO, UNICEF. Global Nutrition Monitoring Framework. Operational Guidance for Tracking Progress in Meeting Targets for 2025. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. p. 77. Available from: http://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259904/9789241513609-eng.pdf;jsessionid=82b08433379c3e3e69b3f8d4f2690c34?sequence=1 [Last accessed on 2021 Nov 01].

Bosnjak AP, Grgurić J. Long-term health effects of breast feeding. Lijec Vjesn. 2007;129(8-9):293-8. PMid:18198630

Chika N. Nutritional assessment of exclusively breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed infants Aged (0-6 Months) at mother of christ specialist hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(5):462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140305.25

Wu Q, Huang Y, Liao Z, van Velthoven MH, Wang W, Zhang Y. Effectiveness of WeChat for improving exclusive breastfeeding in Huzhu County China: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(12):e23273. https://doi.org/10.2196/23273 PMid:33270026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/23273

Rozovsky LE. What’s at Stake! Dental Practice Management; 1988. p. 21-2.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2014. Vol. 1227. Jakarta, Indonesia: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2014. p. 496. Available from: http://www.kemkes.go.id [Last accessed on 2021 Nov 02].

Fahriani R, Rohsiswatmo R, Hendarto A. Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding for Term Infants with Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD). Sari Pediatr. 2016;15(6):394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/sp15.6.2014.394-402

Egata G, Berhane Y, Worku A. Predictors of non-exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months among rural mothers in east Ethiopia: A community-based analytical cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2013;8(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-8-8 PMid:23919800 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-8-8

Sharmin L, Chowdhury MA, Khatun S, Ahmed N. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among urban mothers. J Enam Med Coll. 2016;6(2):88-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v6i2.27763

Neifert M, Bunik M. Overcoming clinical barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60(1):115-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.001 PMid:23178062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.001

Panaviene J, Zakharchenko L, Olteanu D, Cullen M, El-Khuffash A. Factors contributing to non-exclusive breastfeeding in primigravid mothers. Ir Med J. 2019;112(9):1003. PMid:31651134

Aronson J. A pragmatic view of thematic analysis. Qual Rep. 1995;2(1):1-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/1995.2069

WHO and UNICEF. Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices, WHA55 A55. Geneva: WHO,

UNICEF; 2021. p. 19. Available from: http://www.apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44306/9789241599290_eng.pdf?sequence=1 [Last accessed on 2021 Nov 10].

Tadesse T, Mesfin F, Chane T. Prevalence and associated factors of non-exclusive breastfeeding of infants during the first six months in a rural area of Sorro district, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2016;11(1):125. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0085-6 PMid:27660644 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0085-6

Mekuria G, Edris M. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers in Debre Markos, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2015;10(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-014-0027-0 PMid:25635183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-014-0027-0

Mogre V, Dery M, Gaa PK. Knowledge, attitudes and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice among Ghanaian rural lactating mothers. Int Breastfeed J. 2016;11(1):12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0071-z PMid:27190546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0071-z

Ansari S, Abedi P, Hasanpoor S, Bani S. The effect of interventional program on breastfeeding self-efficacy and duration of exclusive breastfeeding in pregnant women in Ahvaz, Iran. Int Sch Res Not. 2014;2014:510793. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/510793 PMid:27379293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/510793

Seidu I, Stade R. Exclusive Breastfeeding and Family Influences in Rural Ghana: A Qualitative Study Supervisor; 2013.

Dhammika BL, Gunawardena NS. Knowledge, practices and concerns regarding exclusive breastfeeding for six months among mothers of infants in a suburban setting in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka J Child Health. 2012;41(1):9-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v41i1.4130

Ichsan B. Barriers and Support to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Sukoharjo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study; 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-12-2019-0274

Thet MM, Khaing EE, Diamond-Smith N, Sudhinaraset M, Oo S, Aung T. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in the Ayeyarwaddy Region in Myanmar: Qualitative findings from mothers, grandmothers, and husbands. Appetite. 2016;96:62-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.08.044 PMid:26344810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.08.044

Alianmoghaddam N, Phibbs S, Benn C. Reasons for stopping exclusive breastfeeding between three and six months: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;39:37-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.01.007 PMid:29525214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.01.007

Downloads

Published

2022-01-10

How to Cite

1.
Wahyuni S, Budi NGMAA, Mulyo GPE, Mulyati S, Fauzia F. Predictors of Exclusive Breast Milk Failure Before Six Months: A Study on Exclusive Breastfeeding in the City of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2022 Jan. 10 [cited 2024 Mar. 29];10(B):197-204. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/7987

Most read articles by the same author(s)