Risk Factors for Psychosocial Disorders in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Muhammad Faizi; Nur Rochmah; Irwanto Irwanto; Irma Soelistiyo; Yuni Hisbiyah; Rayi Kurnia Perwitasari

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.7992

Authors

Muhammad Faizi Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Nur Rochmah Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-9615
Irwanto Irwanto Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-8793
Irma Soelistiyo Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Yuni Hisbiyah Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Rayi Kurnia Perwitasari Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7992

Keywords:

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Risk factor, Psychosocial disorders, Children, COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medical therapy; thus, it has become a psychosocial stressor associated with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic is also an additional stressor in addition to chronic physical illness, biological factors, cognitive factors, environment, age, parental education, parents’ occupations, and family income. Thus, in this study, we aim to analyze the risk factors for psychosocial disorders among children with CAH. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2021 at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and medical records and then analyzed via univariate and bivariate analyses using chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test). Result: In total, 30 children were enrolled in this study, among which 8 (26.7%) had emotional disorders, 5 (16.7%) had behavioral disorders, and most (83.3%) did not have hyperactivity/attention disorders. It was found that 8 children (26.7%) had problems with peer relationships, whereas most (83.3%) did not experience prosocial disorders. Family income (p-value = 0.032, CI = 95%) and hyperactivity (p-value = 0.019, CI = 95%) were found to be significantly correlated to conduct problems. Conclusions: Family income, behavioral disorders, and hyperactivity/attention disorders were identified as risk factors for psychosocial disorders in children with CAH during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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