HbA1c as Early Warning Complications of Kidney Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8155Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, Chronic kidney disease, ERSD, Creatinine, HbA1CAbstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is closely related to diabetes. Basic information about the treatment and physical condition of diabetic patients should be analyzed to provide further evidence of prevention. Based on the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with renal failure, there is a great need to learn more about its prevention and management including laboratory diagnostic tests because HbA1c levels are directly proportional to blood glucose levels.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of HbA1c levels on creatinine levels in patients with Type 2 DM.
METHODS: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 38 DM patients who had their diagnosis confirmed using consecutive sampling techniques. According to the healthcare centre’s data, the respondent’s blood sample was taken at the respondent’s house, and the HbA1c and creatinine levels were tested in the laboratory. Data analysis using the Chi-square test.
RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between HbA1c levels and the incidence of kidney failure with p = 0.588, OR 0.658.
CONCLUSION: This research showed that there was no relationship between HbA1c levels with the incidence of kidney failure.Downloads
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References
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de Bhailís ÁM, Azmi S, Kalra PA. Diabetic kidney disease: Update on clinical management and non-glycaemic effects of newer medications for type 2 diabetes. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2021;12:20420188211020664. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188211020664 PMid:34104399
Wu H, Lau ES, Yang A, Szeto CC, Ma RC, Kong AP, et al. Trends in kidney failure and kidney replacement therapy in people with diabetes in Hong Kong, 2002-2015: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Western Pac. 2021;11:100165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100165
Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Pitt B, Ruilope LM, Rossing P, et al. Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2219-29. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2025845 PMid:33264825
Bomholt T, Adrian T, Nørgaard K, Ranjan AG, Almdal T, Larsson A, et al. The use of hba1c, glycated albumin and continuous glucose monitoring to assess glucose control in the chronic kidney disease population including dialysis. Nephron. 2021;145(1):14-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511614 PMid:33264783
Budury S, Khamida K. Burnout pasien hemodialisa selama pandemi COVID-19. J Keperawatan. 2021;13(4):909-14. https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v13i4.1692
Supriyadi S, Susanto H, Ediati A. Kadar hemoglobin berhubungan dengan tingkat kelelahan pasien penyakit ginjal kronis di Kota Semarang. J Keperawatan. 2021;13(4):889-94. https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v13i4.1797
Walbaum M, Scholes S, Rojas R, Mindell JS, Pizzo E. Projection of the health and economic impacts of chronic kidney disease in the Chilean population. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0256680. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256680
PMid:344959801. Abate TW, Dessie G, Workineh Y, Gedamu H, Birhanu M, Ayalew E, et al. Non-adherence to self-care and associated factors among diabetes adult population in Ethiopian: A systemic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0245862. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245862 PMid:335668612 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245862
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan RI. RISKESDAS Tahun 2018. Available from: https://www.labmandat.litbang.kemkes.go.id/riset-badan-litbangkes/menu-riskesnas/menu-riskesdas/426-rkd-2018. [Last accessed on 2021 Aug 21].
Ackermann RT, Kang R, Cooper AJ, Liss DT, Holmes AM, Moran M, et al. Effect on health care expenditures during nationwide implementation of the diabetes prevention program as a health insurance benefit. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(9):1776-83. http://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-2071 PMid:310108701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-2071
ADA. The Cost of Diabetes, ADA; 2020. Available from: https://www.diabetes.org/resources/statistics/cost-diabetes. [Last accessed on 2021 Aug 21].
Ahmed Z, Prasad I, Rahman H, Ansari J, Hassan K. A male with extreme subcutaneous insulin resistance: A case report. Roman J Diabetes Nutr Metab Dis. 2016;23(2):209-13. https://doi.org/10.1515/rjdnmd-2016-0025 PMid:27917299 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/rjdnmd-2016-0025
Bekele H, Asefa A, Getachew B, Belete AM. Barriers and strategies to lifestyle and dietary pattern interventions for prevention and management of TYPE-2 diabetes in Africa, systematic review. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020:e7948712. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7948712 PMid:32766315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7948712
Akila M, Ramesh RS, Kumari MJ. Assessment of diabetic foot risk among diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital, South India. J Educ Health Promot. 2021;10(1):14. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_407_20 PMid:33688523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_407_20
Cheng HT, Xu X, Lim PS, Hung KY. Worldwide epidemiology of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease, 2000-2015. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(1):89-97. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1913 PMid:33203706 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1913
Yun JS, Park YM, Han K, Kim HW, Cha SA, Ahn YB, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):4305. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82838-5 PMid:33619302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82838-5
Kebede SA, Tusa BS, Weldesenbet AB, Tessema ZT, Ayele TA. Incidence of diabetic nephropathy and its predictors among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. J Nutr Metab. 2021;2021:e6757916. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6757916 PMid:34497725 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6757916
de Bhailís ÁM, Azmi S, Kalra PA. Diabetic kidney disease: Update on clinical management and non-glycaemic effects of newer medications for type 2 diabetes. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2021;12:20420188211020664. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188211020664 PMid:34104399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188211020664
Wu H, Lau ES, Yang A, Szeto CC, Ma RC, Kong AP, et al. Trends in kidney failure and kidney replacement therapy in people with diabetes in Hong Kong, 2002-2015: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Western Pac. 2021;11:100165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100165
Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Pitt B, Ruilope LM, Rossing P, et al. Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2219-29. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2025845 PMid:33264825 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2025845
Bomholt T, Adrian T, Nørgaard K, Ranjan AG, Almdal T, Larsson A, et al. The use of hba1c, glycated albumin and continuous glucose monitoring to assess glucose control in the chronic kidney disease population including dialysis. Nephron. 2021;145(1):14-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511614 PMid:33264783 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000511614
Budury S, Khamida K. Burnout pasien hemodialisa selama pandemi COVID-19. J Keperawatan. 2021;13(4):909-14. https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v13i4.1692
Supriyadi S, Susanto H, Ediati A. Kadar hemoglobin berhubungan dengan tingkat kelelahan pasien penyakit ginjal kronis di Kota Semarang. J Keperawatan. 2021;13(4):889-94. https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v13i4.1797
Walbaum M, Scholes S, Rojas R, Mindell JS, Pizzo E. Projection of the health and economic impacts of chronic kidney disease in the Chilean population. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0256680. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256680 PMid:34495980 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256680
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Copyright (c) 2022 Simon L. Momot, Butet Agustarika, Alva Cherry Mustamu, Nurul Kartika Sari (Author)
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