Effects of Tele-Exercise on Body Weight, Body Mass Index, and Fat Mass of Obese Employees

Mury Kuswari; Rimbawan Rimbawan; Hardinsyah Hardinsyah; Mira Dewi; Nazhif Gifari

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8186

Authors

Mury Kuswari Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-2835
Rimbawan Rimbawan Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-5933
Hardinsyah Hardinsyah Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
Mira Dewi Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
Nazhif Gifari Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8186

Keywords:

Tele-exercise, BMI, Fat mass, Weight loss, Office employee, Obesity, Strength exercise, Strength cardio exercise

Abstract

Purpose: Obesity is a growing health problem in Indonesia caused by physical inactivity. Meanwhile, employees are a group that is susceptible to obesity as they often have limited time while working sedentarily in front of a desk or computer, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This causes risks of many cardiovascular diseases, obesity and can indirectly cause death. Tele-exercise, a live online video exercise, may be the solution to this problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of tele-exercise on body weight, BMI, and fat mass percentage as indicators of obesity. Methods: The research was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021 according to the policy regarding the pandemic. Also, it used a pre-post quasy experimental design. A total of 39 subjects were given tele-exercise involving 2 strength training and 1 cardio training per week for 3 months. Findings: Subsequently, the results showed that exercise had a significant effect (p<0.05) on BMI and body weight, while fat mass percentage only decreased significantly (p<0.05) from the second to third assessment. Originality: To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the effects of tele-exercise on obese employee’s body weight, body mass index and fat mass. Conclusion: This proves that tele-Exercise is an effective therapy for obesity that does not require a large space, and has beneficial online aspects, especially during the pandemic. The timing of measurement and hydration status should be considered to assess the body composition.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Devito NJ, French L, Goldacre B. Trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence in US youth and adults by sex and age, 2007-2008 to 2015-2016. JAMA. 2018;319(16):2016-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.3060 PMid:29570750 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.3060

RISKESDAS. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Indonesia: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2018.

Shrestha N, Pedisic Z, Neil-Sztramko S, Kukkonen-Harjula KT, Hermans V. The impact of obesity in the workplace: A review of contributing factors, consequences and potential solutions. Curr Obes Rep. 2016;5(3):344-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-016-0227-6 PMid:27447869 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-016-0227-6

Tomlinson OW, Shelley J, Trott J, Bowhay B, Chauhan R, Sheldon CD. The feasibility of online video calling to engage patients with cystic fibrosis in exercise training. J Telemed Telecare. 2020;26(6):356-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19828630 PMid:30803323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19828630

Mascarenhas MN, Chan JM, Vittinghoff E, Van Blarigan EL, Hecht F. Increasing physical activity in mothers using video exercise groups and exercise mobile apps: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Intern Res. 2018;20(5):e179. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9310 PMid:29776899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9310

Hong J, Kim J, Kim SW, Kong HJ. Effects of home-based teleexercise on sarcopenia among community-dwelling elderly adults: Body composition and functional fitness. Exp Gerontol. 2017;87(A):33-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.002 PMid:27838369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.002

Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(2):459-71. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181949333 PMid:19127177 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181949333

Trost SG, Pate RR, Sallis JF, Freedson PS, Taylor WC, Dowda M, et al. Age and gender differences in objectively measured physical activity in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(2):350-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200202000-00025 PMid:11828247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200202000-00025

Bellia A, Sallì M, Lombardo M, D’Adamo M, Guglielmi V, Tirabasso C, Giordani L, et al. Effects of whole body vibration plus diet on insulin-resistance in middle-aged obese subjects. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(6):511-6. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1354358 PMid:24227120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1354358

Kuswari M, Nuzrina R, Gifari N, Ronitawati P. HIIT and aerobic training effect on cardiorespiratory fitness among college students. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;75:134.

Gifari N, Martianto D, Kuswari M. Effect of high-intensity interval training and pre-meal water consumption on lipid profile in overweight and obese students. Malaysian J Nutr. 2021;27(1):159-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31246/mjn-2020-0034

Avissa A, Kuswari M, Nuzrina R, Gifari N, Melani V. Pengaruh program latihan olahraga dan edukasi gizi terhadap komposisi tubuh, lingkar perut dan lingkar panggul pada wanita usia produktif di depok. Phys Activ J. 2021;2(2):176-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2021.2.2.3947

WHO Global InfoBase Team. The SuRF Report 2-Surveillance of Chronic Disease Risk Factors: Country-level Data and Comparable Estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.

Sugiyono S. Metode Penelitian Bisnis (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R and D). Nepal: Alfabeta; 2009.

Abadini D, Wuryaningsih CE. Determinan aktivitas fisik orang dewasa pekerja kantoran di Jakarta tahun 2018. J Prom Kesehatan Indones. 2019;14(1):15-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jpki.14.1.15-28

Egger A, Kreis R, Allemann S, Stettler C, Diem P, Buehler T, et al. The effect of aerobic exercise on intrahepatocellular and intramyocellular lipids in healthy subjects. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070865 PMid:23967125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070865

Ramdhanni D, Pitriani P, Mulyana M. Latihan sirkuit signifikan menurunkan berat badan dan BMI. JUARA J Olahraga. 2020;5(2):135-42. https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v5i2.759 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v5i2.759

Kleist B, Wahrburg U, Stehle P, Schomaker R, Greiwing A, Stoffel-Wagner B, et al. Moderate walking enhances the effects of an energy-restricted diet on fat mass loss and serum insulin in overweight and obese adults in a 12-week randomized controlled trial. J Nutr. 2017;147(10):1875-84. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.117.251744 PMid:28794207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.117.251744

Bocalini DS, Lima LS, de Andrade S, Madureira A, Rica RL, dos Santos RN, et al. Effects of circuit-based exercise programs on the body composition of elderly obese women. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:551-6. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S33893 PMid:23271901 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S33893

Salesi M, Gani S. Effects of exercise intervention to improve body composition and chemerin in middle-aged overweight women. J Phys Activ. 2018;2(2):1-12.

Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Lavie CJ, Earnest CP, Church TS. The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):441-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.012 PMid:24438736 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.012

Willis LH, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Shields AT, Piner LW, Bales CW, et al. Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. J Appl Physiol 2012;113(12):1831-7. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2011 PMid:23019316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2011

Ho SS, Dhaliwal SS, Hills AP, Pal S. The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. BMC Public Health BioMed Central. 2012;12(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-704 PMid:23006411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-704

Ramirez-Vélez R, Izquierdo M, Castro-Astudillo K, Medrano-Mena C, Monroy-Diaz AL, del Pilar Castellanos-Vega, Triana-Reina HR, et al. Weight loss after 12 weeks of exercise and/or nutritional guidance is not obligatory for induced changes in local fat/lean mass indexes in adults with excess of adiposity. Nutr Multidiscip Digit. 2020;12(8):2231. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082231 PMid:32722652 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082231

Villareal DT, Aguirre L, Gurney AB, Waters DL, Sinacore DR, Colombo E, et al. Aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, in dieting obese older adults. N Engl J Med Mass Med Soc. 2017;376(20):1943-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1616338

Metcalfe RS, Atef H, Mackintosh K, McNarry M, Ryde G, Hill DM, Vollaard NB. Time-efficient and computer-guided sprint interval exercise training for improving health in the workplace: A randomised mixed-methods feasibility study in office-based employees”, BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8444-z

Kuswari M, Rimbawan R, Dewi M, Gifari N. Effect of tele-exercise versus combination of tele-exercise with tele-counseling on obese office employee’s weight loss. Arsip Gizi Dan Pangan. 2021;6(2):131-9.

Stinson EJ, Piaggi P, Ibrahim M, Venti C, Krakoff J, Votruba SB. High fat and sugar consumption during ad libitum intake predicts weight gain. Obesity. 2018;26(4):689-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22124 PMid:29504262 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22124

White JP, Wilson JM, Austin KG, Greer BK, St. John N, Panton LB. Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced muscle damage. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-5-5 PMid:18284676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-5-5

Udani JK, Singh BB, Singh VJ, Sandoval E. BounceBackTM capsules for reduction of DOMS after eccentric exercise: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009;6(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-6-14 PMid:19500355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-6-14

Cooke MB, Rybalka E, Stathis CG, Cribb PJ, Hayes A. Whey protein isolate attenuates strength decline after eccentricallyinduced muscle damage in healthy individuals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010;7:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-7-30 PMid:20860817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-7-30

Helman EE, Huff-Lonergan E, Davenport GM, Lonergan SM. Effect of dietary protein on calpastatin in canine skeletal muscle. J Anim Sci. 2003;81(9):2199-205. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8192199x PMid:12968694 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8192199x

Kyle UG, Bosaeus I, De Lorenzo AD, Deurenberg P, Elia M, Gómez JM, et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis-Part I: Review of principles and methods. Clin Nutr. 2004;23(5):1226-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2004.06.004 PMid:15380917 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2004.09.012

Lukaski HC, Bolonchuk WW, Hall CB, Siders WA. Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition. J Appl Physiol. 1986;60(4):1327-32. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.4.1327 PMid:3700310 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.4.1327

Demirkan E, Kutlu M, Koz M, Özal M, Güçlüöver A, Favre M. Effects of hydration changes on body composition of wrestlers. Int J Sport Stud Kowsar Med. 2014;4(2):196-200.

Slinde F, Rossander-Hulthén L. Bioelectrical impedance: Effect of 3 identical meals on diurnal impedance variation and calculation of body composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(4):474-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.4.474 PMid:11566645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.4.474

Kushner RF, Gudivaka R, Schoeller DA. Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64(3):423S-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/64.3.423S PMid:8780358 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/64.3.423S

Gifari N, Nuzrina R, Kuswari M, Hutami NT, Ghalda A. Relationship between nutrition knowledge and aerobic fitness in young gymnasts. Sci Gymnast J. 2020;12(2):195-224.