Underweight, Stunted, and Wasted among Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Acyanotic versus Cyanotic

Wiwik Agustini; Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie; Eka Gunawijaya; Gusti Lanang Sidiartha; Gusti Ayu Eka Pratiwi

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8424

Authors

Wiwik Agustini Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-8883
Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-2572
Eka Gunawijaya Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Gusti Lanang Sidiartha Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Gusti Ayu Eka Pratiwi Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8424

Keywords:

Congenital heart disease, Underweight, Stunted, Wasted, Children

Abstract

BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of all congenital lesions and is the most common type of heart diseases among children. Children with congenital heart disease are at increased risk of underweight, stunted and wasted. Wasted is a reflection of acute malnutrition, stunted is a reflection of chronic malnutrition while underweight is a reflection of both.

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of underweight, stunted and wasted among children with acyanotic and cyanotic CHD, in tertiary center in Bali, Indonesia.

METHODS

An observational study with cross sectional approach was conducted in children under 5 years old with newly diagnosed CHD in Sanglah Hospital, Bali. Data were collected from medical records. Anthropometric z-scores based on WHO 2006 reference ranges were generated for each child including weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores. Diagnosis of CHD was retrieved based on echocardiography examination. The significance of the anthropometric status differences between acyanotic and cyanotic group were assessed using Pearson’s Chi Square.

RESULTS

From January 2017-December 2020, we found total 200 cases of CHD which 160 (80%) cases were acyanotic CHD with predominantly ventricle septal defect (38%) and 40 (20%) cases were cyanotic CHD with predominantly Tetralogy of Fallot with all variant (40%). The prevalence of underweight, stunted and wasted in acyanotic vs cyanotic CHD were: underweight (57.5% vs 40.0%, p=0.047), stunted (47.5% vs 65%, p=0.048) and wasted (67.5% vs 50%, p=0.039).

CONCLUSION The prevalence of underweight, stunted and wasted among children with acyanotic and cyanotic CHD were high. Proportion of underweight and wasted were significantly higher in acyanotic CHD, while stunted was significantly higher in cyanotic CHD.

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