Relationship of Sleep Quality and Oxidative Stress Level in Smartphone Users; Study in Faculty of Medicine Student, Universitas Baiturrahmah

Rifkind Malik; Rhandyka Rafli; Salmi Salmi; Yasinta Allisya Noer

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8593

Authors

Rifkind Malik Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Baiturrahmah, Padang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-0247
Rhandyka Rafli Department of Radiology, Universitas Baiturrahmah, Padang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-9900
Salmi Salmi Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fishery and Biology, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-8087
Yasinta Allisya Noer Graduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Baiturrahmah, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8593

Keywords:

Addiction, Oxidative stress, Smartphone, Sleep quality

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Excessive smartphones can affect sleep quality, reducing sleep duration. This lack of sleep will impact various health and increase levels of free radicals in the body, affecting various cell functions.

AIM: The aim of the study was to measure the relationship between sleep quality due to smartphone use and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test group study. Sleep quality was assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the smartphone addiction was assessed based on Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) score. The subjects were divided into four groups (n = 6) based on their PSQI and SAS score. The first group was the subjects with normal sleep and non-smartphone addict. The second group was the subjects with normal sleep but smartphone addict. The third group was the subjects with abnormal sleep and non-smartphone addict. Furthermore, fourth was the subjects with abnormal sleep and smartphone addiction. All the subjects were asked to sleep usually and used the smartphone as necessary a day before the study started. Blood plasma was collected from the subject before and after the study for MDA measurement. Plasma MDA was determined using the thiobarbituric acid test.

RESULTS: Smartphone use can reduce sleep quality and duration, resulting in sleep deprivation. There was no increase in MDA concentration (p > 0.05) in the ordinary and non-addictive or smartphone-addicted sleep group. Meanwhile, the group that stayed up late and was neither addictive nor addictive showed an increase in MDA levels and was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Adequate sleep can reduce blood serum MDA levels and smartphone use does not affect MDA levels.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Mitrea T, Borda M. Mobile security threats: A survey on protection and mitigation strategies. Int Conf Knowledge- Based Organ. 2020;26(3):131-5. https://doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0127

Rafique N, Al-Asoom LI, Alsunni AA, Saudagar FN, Almulhim L, Alkaltham G. Effects of mobile use on subjective sleep quality. Nat Sci Sleep. 2020;12:357-64. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S253375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S253375

Long J, Liu TQ, Liao YH, Qi C, He HY, Chen SB, et al. Prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use in a large random sample of Chinese undergraduates. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):408. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12888-016-1083-3 PMid:27855666 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1083-3

Huang Q, Li Y, Huang S, Qi J, Shao T, Chen X, et al. Smartphone use and sleep quality in chinese college students: A preliminary study. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00352 PMid:32435208 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00352

Exelmans L, van den Bulck J. Bedtime mobile phone use and sleep in adults. Soc Sci Med. 2016;148:93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.037 PMid:26688552 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.037

Reimund E. The free radical flux theory of sleep. Med Hypotheses. 1994;43(4):231-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(94)90071-x PMid:7838006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(94)90071-X

Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, et al. Oxidative stress: Harms and benefits for human health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8416763 PMid:28819546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8416763

et al. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are associated with reduced cognition in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Vasc Dis Res. 2019;16(6):577-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164119848093 PMid:31068001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164119848093

Bigagli E, Lodovici M. Circulating oxidative stress biomarkers in clinical studies on Type 2 diabetes and its complications. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:5953685. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5953685 PMid:31214280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5953685

Klaunig JE. Oxidative stress and cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;24(40):4771-8. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190215121712 PMid:30767733 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190215121712

Sajadimajd S, Khazaei M. Oxidative stress and cancer: The role of Nrf2. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2017;18(6):538-57. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666171002144228 PMid:28969555 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666171002144228

Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936 PMid:23468893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936

Lee E, Kim M. Light and life at night as circadian rhythm disruptors. Chronobiol Med. 2019;1(3):95-102. https://doi.org/10.33069/CIM.2019.0016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2019.0016

Jniene A, Errguig L, El Hangouche AJ, Rkain H, Aboudrar S, El Ftouh M, et al. Perception of sleep disturbances due to bedtime use of blue light-emitting devices and its impact on habits and sleep quality among young medical students. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:7012350. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7012350 PMid:31950050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7012350

Rahman SA, St. Hilaire MA, Lockley SW. The effects of spectral tuning of evening ambient light on melatonin suppression, alertness and sleep. Physiol Behav. 2017;177:221-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.002 PMid:28472667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.002

D’ettorre G, Pellicani V, Caroli A, Greco M. Shift work sleep disorder and job stress in shift nurses: Implications for preventive interventions. Med Lav. 2020;111(3):195-202. https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v111i3.9197 PMid:32624561

Touitou Y, Reinberg A, Touitou D. Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption. Life Sci. 2017;173:94-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008 PMid:28214594 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008

et al. Survival mechanisms and influence factors of circulating tumor cells. Biomed Res Int. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:6304701. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6304701 PMid:30515411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6304701

Hill VM, O’Connor RM, Sissoko GB, Irobunda IS, Leong S, Canman JC, et al. A bidirectional relationship between sleep and oxidative stress in Drosophila. PLoS Biol. 2018;16(7):e2005206. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2005206 PMid:30001323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2005206

Cheever NA, Rosen LD, Carrier LM, Chavez A. Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Comput Human Behav. 2014;37:290-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.002

Heo JY, Kim K, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Papakostas GI, Kim MJ, et al. Effects of smartphone use with and without blue light at night in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled comparison. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;87:61-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.010 PMid:28017916 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.010

Vaccaro A, Dor YK, Nambara K, Pollina EA, Lin C, Greenberg ME, et al. Sleep loss can cause death through accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the gut. Cell. 2020;181(6):1307-28. e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.049 PMid:32502393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.049

Sies H. Oxidative stress: Oxidants and antioxidants. Exp Physiol. 1997;82(2):291-5. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004024 PMid:9129943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004024

Roberts DL, Williams KJ, Cowen RL, Barathova M, Eustace AJ, Brittain-Dissont S, et al. Contribution of HIF-1 and drug penetrance to oxaliplatin resistance in hypoxic colorectal cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2009;101:1290-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605311 PMid:19755992 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605311

Atrooz F, Salim S. Sleep deprivation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2020;119:309-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.03.001 PMid:31997771 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.03.001

Morera AL, Abreu P, Henry M, Garcia-Hernandez A, Guillen- Pino F, Intxausti A, et al. Circadian rhythm of malondialdehyde formation in healthy subjects. Eur Psychiatry. 2007;22(S1):S316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1051

Chakravarty S, Rizvi SI. Day and night GSH and MDA levels in healthy adults and effects of different doses of melatonin on these parameters. Int J Cell Biol. 2011;2011:404591. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/404591 PMid:21647290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/404591

Hacışevki A, Baba B. An overview of melatonin as an antioxidant molecule: A biochemical approach. In: Melatonin-Molecular Biology, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Approaches. London: IntechOpen; 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79421

Purushothaman A, Sheeja AA, Janardanan D. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of melatonin and its related indolamines. Free Radic Res. 2020;54(5):373-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2020.1774575 PMid:32567401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2020.1774575

Maitra S, Baidya DK, Khanna P. Melatonin in perioperative medicine: Current perspective. Saudi J Anaesth. 2013;7(3):315-21. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.115316 PMid:24015137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.115316

Burgess HJ, Fogg LF. Individual differences in the amount and timing of salivary melatonin secretion. PLoS One. 2008;3(8):e3055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003055 PMid:18725972 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003055

ALQarni HM, Al Saleh MM, Alsaleem SA, Al-Garni AM, Al-Hayaza SH, Al-Zailaie AK, et al. Phobia among residents in board training programs in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2019. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(10):5334. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_855_20 PMid:33409211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_855_20