Optimization of the Use of Chinese Teak Seed Powder Coagulant (Cassia angustifolia) as a Natural Coagulant in Reducing Turbidity of Dug Well Water Using the Jar Test Method

Wiwit Aditama; Sofia Sofia; Junaidi Junaidi; Zulfikar Zulfikar

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8815

Authors

Wiwit Aditama Department of Environmental Health, Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
Sofia Sofia Department of Environmental Health, Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
Junaidi Junaidi Department of Environmental Health, Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
Zulfikar Zulfikar Department of Environmental Health, Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8815

Keywords:

Cassia angustifolia, Coagulant, Turbidity, Wells water

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Natural coagulants are used as much as possible to reduce synthetic materials that produce side effects in their use. The use of natural coagulants will be cheaper than synthetic coagulants, which are commonly used for water purification. Chinese tea seeds (Cassia angustifolia) can reduce turbidity, because they contain complex carbohydrates and sugars that can bind particles in the water. Cassia angustifolia plant may also be used as a coagulation agent for conventional drinking water treatment.

AIM: This study aims to determine the optimization of coagulants from Chinese teak seed powder (Cassia angustifolia as a natural coagulant in reducing the turbidity of wells water.

METHODS: This study used Cassia angustifolia coagulant for the water treatment coagulation process with turbidity and pH parameters. This was a quasi-experimental study. The Completely Randomized Design (RAL) method was used. The study location was carried out at the Laboratory of the Environmental Health Department, Poltekkes, Ministry of Health, Banda Aceh. The doses used were 10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, and 100 ppm. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS: There is a difference in turbidity reduction in dug healthy water when Cassia angustifolia is added at doses of 10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, or 100 ppm.

CONCLUSION: Cassia angustifolia coagulant can be used at low turbidity levels with low doses, but it is necessary to investigate the active compound content and its biocoagulant properties.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Jeneva: WHO; 2011. Avaialble from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44584/9789241548151_eng.pdf. [Last accessed on 2022 Jan 22].

FAO. Water Quality Evaluation. FAO; 2022. Avaialble from: https://www.fao.org/3/t0234e/t0234e01.htm. [Last accessed on 2022 Jan 22].

Sembel DT. Toksikologi Lingkungan (Environmental Toxicology). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi; 2008.

Departemen Kesehatan. Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic Indonesia on Requirements for Drinking Water and Clean Water No.492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010; 2010.

Rifa’i J. Clean Water Quality Check (Pemeriksaan Kualitas Air Bersih Dengan Koagulan Alum Dan PAC di IPA Jurug PDAM Kota Surakarta); 2007.

Idris J, Som AM, Musa M, Hamid KHK. Dragon fruit foliage plantbased coagulant for treatment of concentrated latex effluent: Comparison of treatment with ferric sulfate. J Chem. 2013;1:1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/230860

Pichler T, Young K, Alcantar N. Eliminating turbidity in drinking water using the mucilage of a common cactus. Water Sci Technol Water Supply. 2012;12(2):179-86. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.126

Jadhav MV, Mahajan YS, Ambedkar BB. A comparative study of natural coagulants in flocculation of local clay suspensions of varied turbidities. J Civ Eng Technol (JCIET). 2013;1(1):26-39.

Furnawanthi IS. Efficacy and Benefits of Alo e Ver a. PT: Agromedia Pustaka; 2012.

Chaudhuri M. TP and BSDN. Potatorum seed – A natural coagulant. In: Int. SemUse Nat. Coagul. Wat. Treat. Yogyakarta: Indonesia; 2012. p. 10-20.

Andiwijaya AF. Aluminum Sulfate in Drinking Water Treatment. Yogyakarta: Indonesia; 2017. p. 1-6.

Hadi W. Drinking Water Treatment Building Planning. Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya: FTSP-ITS; 1997.

Supranto J. Sampling Technique for Experimental Study. Rineka Cipta: Jakarta: Penerbit PT Rineka Cipta; 2000.

Aditama W, Sitepu FY, Depari E. Having contact history with tb active cases and malnutrition as risk factors of TB incidence: A cross-sectional study in North Sumatera, Indonesia. Malaysian J Public Heal Med. 2020;20(1):192-8. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.1/art.482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.1/art.482

Zulfikar, Sitepu FY, Depari E, Debataradja B. Space time clusters of dengue fever in medan municipality, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Malaysian J Public Heal Med. 2020;20(2):37-42. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.2/art.543 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.2/art.543

Sarparastzadeh H, Saeedi M, Naeimpoor F, Aminzadeh B. Pretreatment of municipal wastewater by enhanced chemical coagulation. Int J Environ Res. 2007;1(2):104-13.

Sitepu FY, Depari E, Aditama W, Halim Rd, Isworo A, Lumbangaol BHP, et al. A survey of the knowledge of surveillance officers and outbreak investigation team toward COVID-19 in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020;8(T1):55-60. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4910

Sutapa ID. Coagulation Process Efficiency in Series Floculator Compartments in Water Treatment Systems. Pengemb Teknol Kim untuk Pengolah Sumber Daya Alam Indones; 2010;37(2):1-7.

Jadhava MV, Yogesh M. A comparative study of natural coagulant flocculation of local clay suspensions of varied turbidities. J Civ Eng. 2013;1(1):26-39.

Hamman JH. Composition and applications of Aloe vera leaf gel. Molecules. 2008;13(8):1599-616. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules13081599 PMid:18794775 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules13081599

Ariati NK, Ratnayani K. Screening of potential types of legumes (fabaceae) and pumpkin seeds (cucurbitaceae) as natural coagulant substitutes for alum. J Kmiaa. 2017;11(1):12-15.

Teng ST. Gambaran Umum Penanganan Limbah (Overview of Waste Management). PT: Nusantara Water Center; 2000.

Sutapa ID. Optimization of aluminum sulfate and poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant doses for water treatment of tanjung and krueng raya rivers. J Tek Hidraul. 2014;5(1):29-42.