Factors Affecting Outcome in Diabetic Patients with COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study

Malik Chandra; Andi Makbul Aman; Himawan Dharmayani Sanusi; Husaini Umar

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2023.8833

Authors

Malik Chandra Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Andi Makbul Aman Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Himawan Dharmayani Sanusi Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Husaini Umar Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.8833

Keywords:

COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, outcome, cross-sectional study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease and often found as a comorbid in COVID-19. Poor glycemic control might play a role in worsening of clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients who lead to increase morbidity and mortality.

AIM: We conducted a study to evaluate relationship between T2DM with or without macrovascular and microvascular complications and cigarette smoking habit with COVID-19 outcomes.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar from May 2020 to August 2020. COVID-19 status was obtained using real-time polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2, T2DM status was obtained using blood glucose or HbA1c, and other characteristic data were obtained. Mortality was the clinical outcome in our study.

RESULTS: One hundred and six subjects data were enrolled. Most subjects were male (n = 55; 51.9%), and 55–65 year-old (n = 40; 37.7%). Eighty subjects were survived (75.5%) and 26 subjects did not survive (24.5%). Onset of T2DM ≥ 5 years had a higher mortality rate compared to onset < 5 years (34.9% vs. 17.5%; p = 0.041). Other factors such as gender, age, nutritional status, hypertension, heart disease, smoking habit, and HbA1c did not show significant difference in terms of mortality.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients with onset of T2DM for more than 5 years had a worse outcome compared to the onset of T2DM <5 years.

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