Coronary Heart Disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Association with Myocardial Revascularization

Gulnara Batenova; Evgeny Dedov; Maksim Pivin; Igor Nikitin; Olga Ettinger; Yerbol Smail; Diana Ygiyeva; Lyudmila Pivina

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8848

Authors

Gulnara Batenova Department of Hospital Therapy No2 MF, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Evgeny Dedov Department of Hospital Therapy No2 MF, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Maksim Pivin Department of Oncology, Altay State medical University, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Igor Nikitin Department of Hospital Therapy No2 MF, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Olga Ettinger Department of Hospital Therapy No2 MF, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Yerbol Smail Department of Infectios disease, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
Diana Ygiyeva Department of Emergency Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
Lyudmila Pivina Department of Emergency Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-4866

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8848

Keywords:

Myocardial revascularization, COVID-19, CABG, Coronary stent thrombosis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a hypercoagulable state with a high incidence of thrombotic complications. Patients with a history of myocardial revascularization have more severe complications due to COVID-19. Coronary stent thrombosis has become significantly more common during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: The aim of our study is to analyze scientific information on the risks of stent thrombosis in patients who underwent COVID-19.

METHODS: A search was made for scientific publications in evidence-based medicine databases and web resources: PubMed, MEDLINE, UpToDate, TripDatabase, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Observational studies or case series involving patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and myocardial infarction requiring myocardial revascularization; (2) the division of the population into survivors and non-survivors; and (3) data on the presence of the previous myocardial revascularization. Exclusion criteria: Case description and editorials/bulletins. In all articles selected for further analysis, 49 sources were considered that met the inclusion criteria and excluded duplication or repetition of information.

RESULTS: Coronavirus infection has contributed to the change in the course of myocardial infarction in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. The incidence of stent thrombosis has a positive correlation with the severity of the coronavirus infection. The previous myocardial revascularization procedures significantly increase the risk of mortality in patients with coronavirus infection. This is especially actual for elderly patients.

CONCLUSION: One of the most vulnerable groups is elderly patients who have undergone myocardial revascularization after myocardial infarction in the past and have concomitant diseases. An analysis of scientific publications has shown that further larger-scale clinical studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis about the negative impact of coronavirus infection on stent thrombosis in patients who have undergone COVID-19.

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