Isolated Ventriculomegaly and Cytomegalovirus Infection during Pregnancy: A Case Report and Diagnostic Challenges

Emil Kovachev; Simona Anzhel; Sergei Slavov; Gergana Ingilizova; Silviya Dimova; Zhivko Zhekov

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8869

Authors

Emil Kovachev Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Varna, Republic of Bulgaria
Simona Anzhel Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital “Maichin dom”, Sofia, Bulgaria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6142-4451
Sergei Slavov Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital “Maichin dom”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Gergana Ingilizova Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Vita” Multidisciplinary Hospital for Active Treatment, Sofia, Bulgaria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-4581
Silviya Dimova Department of Social Medicine and Helthcare Organization, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Zhivko Zhekov Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Varna, Republic of Bulgaria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8869

Keywords:

Cytomegalovirus, Pregnancy, Ventriculomegaly, IgG avidity, Nneurological disorders

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital viral infection, associated with developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and fetal death. Primary infection during first trimester is associated with poor prognosis and a higher risk for neurological damage such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy or behavior spectrum disorders. Short interval between infection and ultrasound manifestations is a poor prognostic marker.

CASE PRESENTATION

The authors present a case of an acute cytomegalovirus infection with isolated ventriculomegaly, diagnosed at 16 gestational weeks. A review of the literature about screening and diagnostic challenges for CMV infection during pregnancy was done, emphasizing the bad prognosis in cases with early primary infection and the need for regular screening programs and prevention.

CONCLUSION

Screening for anti CMV IgM / IgG and IgG avidity in all pregnant women could be recommended to identify risk groups and improve diagnostic capabilities.

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