South Sulawesi Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) Scale Waste as a New Anti-inflammatory Material in Socket Preservation

Arni Irawaty Djais; Surijana Mappangara; Asdar Gani; Harun Achmad; Sherly Endang; Jennifer Tjokro; Nurhadijah Raja

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8962

Authors

Arni Irawaty Djais Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Surijana Mappangara Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Asdar Gani Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Harun Achmad Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Sherly Endang Department of Periodontics, Periodontal Specialist Dental Education Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Jennifer Tjokro Department of Periodontics, Periodontal Specialist Dental Education Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Nurhadijah Raja Department of Periodontics, Periodontal Specialist Dental Education Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8962

Keywords:

Alveolar ridge augmentation, Chitosan, Tooth extraction, Wound healing

Abstract

BACKGROUND: One of South Sulawesi’s huge brackish water fishery product is milkfish (Chanos chanos). Scales are wasted in milkfish processing. However, they are a good source of chitosan, which has been found to promote anti-inflammation, wound healing, and bone regeneration.

AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of milkfish scales waste on the inflammatory response of wound healing after tooth extraction by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 analysis.

METHODS: This is a post-test-only control group design study. Thirty-two Cavia cobaya were divided into four groups: (1) Socket preservation using milkfish scales chitosan, (2) milkfish scales chitosan + bovine xenograft, (3) bovine xenograft as a positive control, and (4) placebo as a negative control, then were sacrificed on 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days. The mandible jaw specimen was taken for immunohistochemical analysis to determine the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Levene’s test, and one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS: On days 3, 7, 14, and 28, groups with chitosan added showed lower levels of TNF-α and a faster decrease in IL-6 expressions compared to those without chitosan.

CONCLUSION: Milkfish scale chitosan suppresses TNF-α and IL-6 production, thus reducing inflammation in socket preservation.

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