The Immunogenicity and Safety of Influenza Vaccines among Indonesian Older adult

Lazuardhi Dwipa; Stefanie Yuliana Usman; Alif Bagus Rakhimullah; Kuswandewi Mutyara; Agnes Rengga Indrati; Nur Atik; Rini Muliasari; Cissy Kartasasmita

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9034

Authors

Lazuardhi Dwipa Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-3822
Stefanie Yuliana Usman Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Alif Bagus Rakhimullah Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; Management Postgraduate Program, Universitas Islam, Bandung, Indonesia
Kuswandewi Mutyara Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
Agnes Rengga Indrati Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Nur Atik Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5951-4733
Rini Muliasari Department of Clinical Trial, Biofarma, Bandung, Indonesia
Cissy Kartasasmita Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; Infectious Disease Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-0444

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9034

Keywords:

Frailty, Influenza, Influenza vaccine, Older adults, Sarcopenia, Vitamin D

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immunosenescence, frailty, sarcopenia, and Vitamin D deficiency were thought of having a negative influence on adequate immune response following vaccination. Epidemiological data related to influenza vaccination and its immunogenicity and safety in Indonesia are still scarce.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the influenza vaccine in older adults in Indonesia and common related conditions.

METHODS: This study was a one-group, pre-test, post-test, quasi-experimental study. The vaccine used was a trivalent type. Immunogenicity was assessed according to rate of seropositivity and seroconversion based on hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer. Immunization safety was assessed according to adverse events following immunization (AEFI).

RESULTS: A total of 227 subjects were involved in this study. Antibody titers were significantly increased after 28-day influenza vaccination for all strains (p < 0.001). Seropositive rate in 28-day post-vaccination for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B was 98.7%, 99.1%, and 97.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the seroconversion rate for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B strains was 54.2%, 66.1%, and 60.4%, respectively. The conditions of the frailty status, sarcopenia, and Vitamin D level were not associated with either seroconversion or seropositive status, both at baseline and endpoint. AEFI was occurred on seven subjects (3.08%) with pain at the injection site and one subject (0.44%) with arm tenderness.

CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination showed adequate immune response and safety regardless of the frailty status, sarcopenia, or Vitamin D level. This result strengthened the importance of influenza vaccine administration in Indonesia older adults.

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