The Difference Coagulopathy Factor and Interleukin-6 between Survival and Non-survival Patients COVID-19

Yoshua Arif Putra; Mutiara Mutiara

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9112

Authors

Yoshua Arif Putra Department of Emergency, Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0654-1831
Mutiara Mutiara Department of Emergency, Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9112

Keywords:

Coagulopathy factor, Interleukin-6, COVID-19

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in coagulopathy and an increase in inflammatory responses. Numerous studies have shown a significant difference in interleukin levels and coagulopathy parameters such as platelet, aPTT, PT, and D- dimer between survivor and non-survivor patient COVID-19.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the age, coagulopathy characteristics, and interleukin-6 levels of non-survival versus survival patients. COVID-19.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on COVID-19 patients. The diagnostic criteria are based on the Indonesian Ministry of Health's recommendations. The patient's blood was analyzed in the hospital's central laboratory. Patients are classified into two groups based on their likelihood of surviving: non-survival and survival. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data.

Results: A total of 557 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Patients were categorized into 146 non-survival and 411 survival subgroups. There was a significant difference in the mean age, coagulopathy parameters, and interleukin-6 expect platelets between non-survival and survival outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated a statistically significant difference in PT, aPTT, D-Dimer, and interleukin-6 levels between the non-survival and survival groups of COVID-19.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Pedomana Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disesae (CoVID-19). Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2020. https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.9.2.i-iii DOI: https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.9.2.i-iii

Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Peacock SJ, Prescott HC. Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review. JAMA. 2020;324(8):782-793. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12839 PMid:32648899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12839

Berkman SA, Tapson VF. COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;42(2):316-26. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1722992 PMid:33548929 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1722992

Hadid T, Kafri Z and Al-Katib A. Coagulation and anticoagulation in COVID-19. Blood Rev. 2021;47:100761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2020.100761 PMid:33067035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2020.100761

Marin BG, Aghagoli G, Lavine K, Yang L, Siff EJ, Chiang SS, et al. Predictors of COVID-19 severity: A literature review. Rev Med Virol. 2021;31(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2146 PMid:32845042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2146

Joly BS, Siguret V, Veyradier A. Understanding pathophysiology of hemostasis disorders in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(8):1603-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06088-1 PMid:32415314 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06088-1

Vrints CJ, Krychtiuk KA, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Segers VF, Price S, Heidbuchel H. Endothelialitis plays a central role in the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 and its cardiovascular complications. Acta Cardiol. 2021;76(2):109-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2020.1846921 PMid:33208052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2020.1846921

Levi M, Thachil J, Iba T, Levy JH. Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7(6):e438-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30145-9 Mid:32407672 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30145-9

Hu B, Huang S, Yin L. The cytokine storm and COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):250-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26232 PMid:32592501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26232

Guirao JJ, Cabrera CM, Jiménez N, Rincón L, Urra JM. High serum IL-6 values increase the risk of mortality and the severity of pneumonia in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Mol Immunol. 2020;128(1):64-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2020.10.006 PMid:33075636 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2020.10.006

Kander T. Coagulation disorder in COVID-19. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7(9):e630-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30218-0 PMid:32659213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30218-0

Huang Y, Lyu X, Li D, Wang L, Wang Y, Zou W, et al. A cohort study of 676 patients indicates Ddimer is a critical risk factor for the mortality of COVID-19. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242045 PMid:33166991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242045

Liu X, Wang H, Shi S, Xiao J. Association between IL-6 and severe disease and mortality in COVID-19 disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J. 2021;1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-139939 PMid:34083362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-139939

World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Situation. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: https://covid19.who.int [Last accessed on 2022 Feb 18].

Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2002032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032

Aggarwal S, Garcia-Telles N, Aggarwal G, Lavie C, Lippi G, Henry BM. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Early report from the United States. Diagnosis. 2020;7(2):91-6. https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2020-0046 PMid:32352401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2020-0046

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Yu HH, Qin C, Chen M, Wang W, Tian DS. D-dimer level is associated with the severity of COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;195(1):219-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.047 PMid:32777639 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.047

Naymagon L, Zubizarreta N, Feld J, van Gerwen M, Alsen M, Thibaud S, et al. Admission D-dimer levels, D-dimer trends, and outcomes in COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;196(1):99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.032 PMid:32853982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.032

Wang J, Saguner AM, An J, Ning Y, Yan Y, Li G. Dysfunctional coagulation in COVID-19: From cell to bedside. Adv Ther. 2020;37(7):3033-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01399-7 PMid:32504450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01399-7

Colling ME, Kanthi Y. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: An exploration of mechanisms. Vasc Med (United Kingdom). 2020;25(5):471-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X20932640 PMid:32558620 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X20932640

Donoso-Navarro E, Arribas Gómez I, Bernabeu-Andreu FA. IL-6 and other biomarkers associated with poor prognosis in a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Madrid. Biomark Insights. 2021;16:6-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719211013363 PMid:34103886 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/11772719211013363