Profile of Hippocampal Volume of Adults in North Sumatera

Mustafa M. Amin; Elmeida Effendy; Abdul Rasyid; Nurmiati Amir

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9277

Authors

Mustafa M. Amin Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Elmeida Effendy Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Abdul Rasyid Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Nurmiati Amir Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9277

Keywords:

Hippocampus, Volume, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hippocampus is a brain region that includes in the limbic lobe. It is formed by two groups of neurons that look such as letter C, which were facing each other – dentate gyrus and Ammon’s horn and played an essential role in the development of memory.

AIM: The objective of this study is to find the volume of the right and left hippocampal volume and the measurement of the total volume. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Indonesia that measures the hippocampal volume of healthy adults.

METHODS: We collected 54 subjects of healthy adults in Medan Indonesia, with the inclusion criteria: Age 15–40 years, cooperative and willing to be interviewed, and did not have a family history of mental disorders. Exclusion criteria for the control group were excluded from the study: Having a history of previous mental disorders and a general medical condition that affected brain structure, and obesity. We used MINI ICD-10 structured clinical interview to rule out the mental disorders. Hippocampal measurement was done by manual segmentation using AnalyzePro software that was developed by Mayo Clinic and followed the protocol of manual segmentation of hippocampal measurement from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: Magnetic resonance imaging methods.

RESULTS: We found that the total hippocampal volume was 3979.77 ± 678.51 mm3.

COCLUSION: Our findings of hippocampal volume were smaller than other Asian people. Few conditions had been thought related to it, that is, chronic stress exposure inducing prolonged hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation that leads to loss of hippocampal neurons and neural level conditions resulting from gene-environment interaction. This smaller hippocampal volume can also predict verbal memory function in the future.

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