Comparative Assessment of Various Concentration and Exposure Time of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate as Decellularization Agents for Small-Vessels Vascular Tissue Engineering

Yan Efrata Sembiring; Rafaela Andira Ledyastatin; Atiya Nurrahmah; Ni Kadek Sulistyaningsih; Jeconia Agrippina Ruth Sinatra; Ito Puruhito; Heri Suroto

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9396

Authors

Yan Efrata Sembiring Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-1816
Rafaela Andira Ledyastatin Residency Program of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Atiya Nurrahmah Residency Program of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Ni Kadek Sulistyaningsih Residency Program of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Jeconia Agrippina Ruth Sinatra Residency Program of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Ito Puruhito Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Heri Suroto Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Cell and Tissue Bank - Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9396

Keywords:

Decellularized vascular, Scaffold, Sodium dodecyl sulfate

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Finding the optimum vascular grafts (VG) to replace damaged blood arteries in cardiac surgery is still a work in progress. To be employed, a tissue-engineered VG (TEVG) must have the appropriate biological and mechanical qualities. Decellularized arteries may be a better TEVG than synthetic grafts because of their natural three-dimensional architecture.

AIM: The goal of this study was to compare different concentrations and times of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to decellularize tissue to find the best decellularized VG.

METHODS: In all decellularized scaffolds, which are 1% SDS-2 weeks group, hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining exhibited looser collagen networks and fewer nuclei.

RESULTS: The orientation of collagen fibers was identical to native vascular scaffolds. Collagen I deposition was seen in the immunohistochemistry assay. A tensile strength test revealed that the decellularized scaffold (0.5% SDS for 4 weeks and 0.5% SDS for 2 weeks) had exceeded the native arteries’ maximal strength. In comparison to 1% SDS in 4 weeks treated groups, scanning electron microscopy following decellularization revealed no endothelial cells on the inner side of 1% SDS in 2 weeks group with minimum extracellular matrix damage. The endothelial cells remained marginally visible on the inner side of all 0.5% SDS treated groups. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the decellularized scaffolds.

CONCLUSION: This study reveals that exposing a bovine mesenteric artery to 1% SDS for 2 weeks is an excellent procedure for extracting the most acellular VG, potentially serving as a biological scaffold for TEVGs.

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