Anxiety and Its Associated Factors Among School-aged Adolescents in East Jakarta, Indonesia during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic

Ucha Maulana Akbar; Yenny Yenny

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9448

Authors

Ucha Maulana Akbar Undergraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, West Jakarta, Indonesia
Yenny Yenny Department of Pharmacology and Medical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, West Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9390-5527

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9448

Keywords:

Anxiety, Adolescents, Physical activity, Knowledge, COVID-19

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can be a significant psychological stressor which is associated with increased levels of anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: To determine adolescent anxiety prevalence and associated risk factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was performed from February to April 2021 at SMPN 9, East Jakarta, on 304 adolescents. The subjects were examined using sociodemographic form and self-report measures of anxiety, COVID-19 knowledge, and physical activity. The statistical significance level was set at p ˂ 0.05.

RESULTS: Median age was 14 years (range 12–16) and prevalence of anxiety 19.4%. Multivariable logistic regression findings: gender (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–4.98; p = 0.009), physical activity (aOR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.15–4.06; p = 0.017;), knowledge level of COVID-19 (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 0.99–3.32; p = 0.053); age (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.19–1.46; p = 0.218); education (aOR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.35–2.64; p = 0.932). Gender and physical activity were significantly associated with risk of adolescent anxiety.

CONCLUSION: Inactive physical activity status increases the risk of adolescent anxiety. Governmental regulations are needed on the planning and implementation of a health education program for increasing physical activity among adolescents to improve physical and mental health. As a follow-up to this study, there is a need for conducting a study to determine changes in prevalence rates of adolescent anxiety during as well as after the pandemic and its associated risk factors with a better design study.

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