Higher Inflammatory Markers are correlated with Worse Cognitive Function in Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients

Fasihah Irfani Fitri; Winda Rahmah Darman; Kiking Ritarwan

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9472

Authors

Fasihah Irfani Fitri Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Adam Malik General Hospital Medan Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3029
Winda Rahmah Darman Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Adam Malik General Hospital Medan Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
Kiking Ritarwan Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Adam Malik General Hospital Medan Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9472

Keywords:

COVID-19, C-reactive protein, Cognitive, D-Dimer, Ferritin, Inflammation

Abstract

AIM: This study aimed to determine the correlation between inflammation with cognitive function in COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: We recruited COVID-19 patients using consecutive sampling methods in Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Indonesia. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR,) C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and ferritin serum levels were measured as inflammatory markers . Cognitive function was assessed in several cognitive domains using Forward Digit Span for attention, Bacward Digit Span for working memory, and Trail Making Test parts A and B for executive function. The correlation between inflammatory markers and cognitive function was analyzed using Spearman correlation test.

RESULTS: This study involved 40 COVID-19 patients consisting of 13 (32.5%) males and 27 (67.5%) females; the median age of the patients was 39.5 (19–65) years. We found that higher D-dimer and ferritin levels were significantly correlated with worse BDS scores (r = −0.369 p = 0.019 and r = −0.408 p = 0.009, respectively) and higher ferritin level was also correlated with worse FDS score (r = −0.365 p = 0.020 and). Higher D-dimer and ferritin levels were also significantly correlated with a longer time of completion of TMT-B (r = 0.363 p = 0.022 and r = 0.433 p = 0.005) and higher ferritin level was also correlated with a longer time of completion of TMT-A (r = 0.438 P=0.005). There were no significant correlations between NLR and CRP levels with cognitive function.

CONCLUSION: Higher inflammatory markers are correlated with worse attention, working memory, and executive function in COVID-19 patients.

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