Improving Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing with Adjuvant Bitter Melon Leaf Extract (Momordica charantia L.)

Fahrun Nur Rosyid; Muhtadi Muhtadi; Dian Hudiyawati; Sugiyarti Sugiyarti; Ahmad Fadhlur Rahman

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9503

Authors

Fahrun Nur Rosyid Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
Muhtadi Muhtadi Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-8040
Dian Hudiyawati Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-1728
Sugiyarti Sugiyarti Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
Ahmad Fadhlur Rahman Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-3435

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9503

Keywords:

Bitter melon, Momordica charantia L, Diabetic foot ulcer, Ulcer healing

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease that affects more than 340 million people and causes approximately 20% of diabetic ulcer cases worldwide. Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process in restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. It consists of four continuous overlapping phases that are precisely programmed

AIM: This study aims to examine the adjuvant administration of bitter melon leaf extract to increase the healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).

METHODS: This study used a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. A total of 30 DFU patients with a perfusion, extent, depth, infection, and sensation (PEDIS) score of 1–8 who met the criteria were divided into two groups, namely, the treatment group with adjuvant administration of bitter melon leaf extract at a dose of 6 g/day as many as 15 patients and the control group 15 patients with placebo. This intervention was carried out for 4 weeks. DFU cure was measured by PEDIS scores at baseline, weeks 2, 3, and the end of week 4. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.

RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, the PEDIS score in the treatment group decreased at week 2 (0.9 ± 1.8), but not significant (p = 0.19), decreased at week 3 (1.9 ± 1.9) and significant (p = 0.01), decreased in week IV (2.3 ± 2.1) and significantly (p = 0.001). The control group experienced a decrease in week 2 (0.3 ± 2.3), but not significant (p = 0.71), decreased in week 3 (1.2 ± 2.5), but not significant (p = 0.18), decreased in week 4 (1.9 ± 2.7) and significantly (p = 0.03), and there was an effect of adjuvant administration of bitter melon leaf extract on the cure of DFU (p = 0.004).

CONCLUSION: Adjuvant administration of bitter melon leaf extract has been shown to increase the healing of DFU.

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