Self-management Effectiveness on the Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aceh, Indonesia

Fithria Fithria; Cut Husna; Ahyana Ahyana; Irfanita Nurhidayah; Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9634

Authors

Fithria Fithria Department of Family Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-3626
Cut Husna Departments of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Ahyana Ahyana Departments of Medical and Surgical Nursing
Irfanita Nurhidayah Department of Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9634

Keywords:

Quality of life, Self-management, Diabetes mellitus, COVID-19

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a comorbid factor with a double risk of increased morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Therefore, diabetic patients need to prevent COVID-19 seriously. However, they also need to regularly check their condition in health care services, such as hospitals and community health centers, making them more vulnerable to Covid-19 infection. One factor playing a significant role in controlling diabetes is self-management. Self-management activities can increase independence in caring for and controlling the health of diabetic patients. Then, it also enhances self-efficacy to improve the quality of life among diabetic patients. This study aimed to examine the effect of self-management on quality of life among patients with type 2 DM.

Method: Fifty patients with type 2 DM consented to participate in the study. The patients were assigned to either the control group receiving standard care or the experimental group receiving standard care and self-management. The program was constructed using Kanfer’s three self-management steps, including self-monitoring, self-assessment, and self-reinforcement. The effect of the intervention was measured by the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), consisting of 26 statement items on a 5-point Likert scale and a self-management intervention evaluation checklist. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test.

Results: The results showed a significant difference between the pre and post-intervention in the experimental group's quality of life of type 2 DM patients (p=0.000 and α = 0.01).

Conclusion: This study found that self-management effectively increases the quality of life among diabetic patients. The health care providers, especially the nurses interested in community and family health nursing, are suggested to improve the self-management of diabetic patients to prevent complications and improve the quality of life of the patients.

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