Immune Response (Serum Globulin) in BALB/c Mice after Hookworm Egg Protein Immunization as the Initial Stage of Developing Laboratory Diagnostics: An In Vivo Approach

Budi Santosa; Arista Kurnia Budi Fristiani; Edi Dharmana; Fitriani Nur Damayanti; Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9642

Authors

Budi Santosa Department of Medical and Clinical Laboratory Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Arista Kurnia Budi Fristiani Department of Laboratory Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
Edi Dharmana Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Fitriani Nur Damayanti Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho Department of Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9642

Keywords:

Hookworm, Mouse serum protein, Hookworm egg protein

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hookworm infestation is still high and requires practical laboratory diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, there are several limitations associated with the existing method; hence, a new method is essentially needed. Furthermore, the principle of immunological reactions needs to be developed by identifying the extent of hookworm eggs suspension immune responses. The BALB/c mouse is among the most widely used inbred models used in biomedical research and is particularly utilized in immunology and infectious disease research.

AIM: This study aims to determine whether the protein concentration of hookworm eggs stimulates antibodies formation (proteins) in the serum of BALB/c mice.

METHODS: This is an experimental study with a post-test only control design approach. Egg protein was isolated by removing the contents using a mini drill to immunize BALB/c mice, while the antibody response was observed by spectrophotometer and agglutination methods.

RESULTS: The Chi-square and Post hoc statistical tests showed a significance p ≤ 0.001 indicating a relationship between hookworm egg protein and agglutination results. The higher the antibody level, the more visible the agglutination and vice versa.

CONCLUSION: These results are expected to form a basis for developing more practical and efficient diagnostic methods based on antigen-antibody reactions.

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