Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiles in Indonesian Athletes

Bayu Fandhi Achmad; Syahirul Alim; Happy Indah Kusumawati; Akbar Satria Fitriawan; Dedi Kurniawan; Raisa Farida Kafil

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9648

Authors

Bayu Fandhi Achmad Department of Basic and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-9802
Syahirul Alim Department of Basic and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-821X
Happy Indah Kusumawati Department of Basic and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Akbar Satria Fitriawan Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Dedi Kurniawan Department of Nursing, Kepanjen School of Health Sciences, Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1025-6037
Raisa Farida Kafil Department of Anesthesiology Nursing

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9648

Keywords:

Athlete, Cardiovascular disease, Heart disease, Risk factors

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Notwithstanding how physical exercise lessens cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, young and active athletes might have cardiovascular risk factors or fundamental cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), putting them at increased risk for sudden cardiac death during times of strenuous exercise.

AIM: The study aimed to assess the cardiovascular risk profile possessed by Indonesian athletes.

METHODS: This research was a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design, involving 234 Indonesian athletes (163 men and 71 women) from three sports, including football, basketball, and swimming. Data were collected between December 2020 to March 2021 using the Jakarta Cardiovascular Risk Score instrument adapted from the Framingham risk score. Descriptive statistics were utilized to dissect data information for frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

RESULTS: Most of the participants in this study had excessive weekly exercise duration (more than 255 minutes/week) (n=177 athletes, 75.64%). Twenty-one participants (8.97%) had a higher MAP more than normal, and 51 participants (21.79%) had overweight BMI. In addition, 142 participants (60.68%) had a cardiovascular genetic disease from their parents (family history) and most of the participants also were active smokers (n=150, 64.10%). Based on the Jakarta Cardiovascular Risk Score, the Indonesian athletes who participated in this study had a mean cardiovascular risk of -1.5 (SD= 3.088, min-max= (-7) – 6). Most of the participants had low cardiovascular risk (n= 193, 82.48%). However, some participants had moderate and high cardiovascular risk, 32 (13.67%) and 9 (3.85%), respectively.

CONCLUSION: Most of the participants had low cardiovascular risk, however some of the participants had moderate and high cardiovascular risk.

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