Changing of Balanced Nutrition Behavior and the Immune System during the New Normal Era of COVID-19 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Nadimin Nadimin; Adriyani Adam; Imrawati Imrawati; Ali Imran

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9693

Authors

Nadimin Nadimin Department of Nutrition, Polytechnic Health Ministry of Health Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
Adriyani Adam Department of Nutrition, Polytechnic Health Ministry of Health Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-6147
Imrawati Imrawati Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
Ali Imran Public Health Faculty, Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9693

Keywords:

Balanced nutrition, COVID-19, New normal

Abstract

LATAR BELAKANG : Kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan selama era New Normal COVID-19. Selain menerapkan protokol kesehatan, gizi seimbang untuk mendukung daya tahan tubuh sangat penting untuk mencegah dampak lanjutan dari kontraksi COVID-19.

TUJUAN: Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pola perilaku gizi seimbang sebelum dan selama penerapan konsep New Normal di Sulawesi Selatan.

METODE : Survei potong lintang terhadap penduduk berusia 15 tahun ke atas yang tinggal di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dilakukan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2021 dengan menggunakan kuesioner online. Survei dilakukan melalui WhatsApp dengan menyebarkan tautan kuesioner. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan software SPSS v.16.0. Perbedaan pola gizi seimbang sebelum dan selama era New Normal dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05.

HASIL : Kajian menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi masyarakat menurun secara signifikan selama penerapan konsep New Normal, terutama komposisi makanan (p=0,000), makanan hewani (p=0,000), sayuran (p=0,000), buah (p=0,000), dan susu (p=0,000).

KESIMPULAN : Penerapan perilaku New Normal menurunkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam mengkonsumsi gizi seimbang di Sulawesi Selatan. Dengan demikian mungkin berkontribusi pada penurunan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Tabish SA. The COVID-19 pandemic: Emerging perspectives and future trends. J Public Health Res. 2020;9(1):1786. PMid:32550223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1786

Agustino MR, Perdana RC, Hartawan D, Suyoso YA, Sari R. New Habits and Adaptations in Pandemic Covid-19. Bus Innov Entrep J. 2020;2(3):201-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35899/biej.v2i3.138

Pen P. Covid 19 Distribution Map. Covid 19 Handling Task Force. Jakarta; 2022. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran

Galmés AP, Serra F. Current state of evidence: Influence of nutritional and nutrigenetic factors on immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic framework. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2738. PMid:32911778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092738

Sumarmi S. Kerja harmoni zat gizi dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh terhadap Covid-19: Mini review harmonity of nutrients to improve immunity against Covid-19: A mini review. Amerta Nutr. 2020;4:250-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v4i3.2020.250-256

Sun B, Feng Y, Mo X, Zheng P, Wang Q, Li P, et al. Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG responses in COVID-19 patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):940-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1762515

Weylandt KH, Chen Y, Lim K, Cittadini AR. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: The way forward in times of mixed evidence. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:143109. PMid:26301240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/143109

Alwarawrah Y, Kiernan K, MacIver NJ. Changes in nutritional status impact immune cell metabolism and function. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1055. PMid:29868016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01055

Gombart AP, Adrian F, Maggini S. A review of micronutrients and the immune system-working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):236. PMid:31963293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010236

Salman Y, Baru B. Edukasi gizi untuk meningkatkan imunitas tubuh (Asupan tepat di masa pandemi Covid-19). J Pengabdi Harapan Ibu. 2021;3(1):20-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30644/jphi.v3i1.453

Bresson JL, Flynn A, Heinonen M, Hulshof K, Korhonen H, Lagiou P, et al. Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin B6 and protein and glycogen metabolism (ID 65, 70, 71), function of the nervous system (ID 66), red blood cell formation (ID 67, 72, 186), function of the immune system. EFSA J. 2009;7(9):1225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1225

Agostoni C, Canani RB, Fairweather-Tait S, Flynn A, Golly I, Korhonen H, et al. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Vitamin D and normal function of the immune system and inflammatory response (ID 154, 159), maintenance of normal muscle function (ID 155) and maintenance of normal cardiovascular function. EFSA J. 2010;8(2):1468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1468

Agostoni C, Bresson JL, Fairweather-Tait S, Heinonen M, Korhonen H, La Vieille S, et al. Vitamin D and contribution to the normal function of the immune system : evaluation of a health claim pursuant to article 14 of regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 EFSA panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies (NDA). EFSA J. 2015;13(7):4182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4182

Siswanto FE, Budisetyawati. The Role of Some Micronutrients in the Immune System. Gizi Indones. 2013;36(1):57-64.

Eman B, Alamri S. Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behavior: A review. J Public Health Res. 2021;10(3):2088. PMid:34585555 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2088

Afolayan OT, Erinwusi FI, Oyeyemi B. Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin entrapped poly d, l -lactic- co -glycolic acid nanoparticles in mice. Integr Med Res. 2018;7(2):168-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2018.02.004

Yasni S, Yoshiie K, Oda H, Sugano M, Imaizumi K. Dietary Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Increases mitogenic responses of splenic lymphocytes in rats, and alters populations of the lymphocytes in mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1993;39(4):345-54. PMid 8283313 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.39.345

Carrasco FR, Schmidt G, Romero AL, Sartoretto JL, Caparroz-Assef SM, Bersani-Amado CA. Immunomodulatory activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Salvia officinalis L. and Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oils: Evidence for humor- and cell-mediated responses. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009;6(7):961-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.61.07.0017

Chen L, Liu YF, Gong M, Jiang W, Fan Z, Qu P, et al. Effects of Vitamin A, Vitamin A plus zinc, and multiple micronutrients on anemia in preschool children in Chongqing, China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(1):3-11. PMid:22374555

Sari RP, Pramono N, Wahyuni S, Achsan M, Sofro U. Effect of multi micronutrient supplementation on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia. Belitung Nurs J. 2017;3(6):677-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.291

Nadimin. The effect of vegetables, fruits consumstion and passive smokkers on antioksidants capacity total in pregnant women. Indones J Public Health. 2018;14(2):181-9.

Toti E, Chen CO, Palmery M, Valencia DV, Peluso I. Non-provitamin a and provitamin a carotenoids as immunomodulators: Recommended dietary allowance, therapeutic index, or personalized nutrition? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:4637861. PMid:29861829 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4637861

Maggini S, Wintergerst ES, Beveridge S, Hornig DH. Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses. Br J Nutr. 2007;98(Suppl 1):S29-35. PMid:17922955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507832971

Wang MX, Koh J, Pang J. Association between micronutrient deficiency and acute respiratory infections in healthy adults: A systematic review of observational studies. Nutr J. 2019;18(80):1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0507-6

Boretti A, Banik BK. Intravenous Vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pharma Nutr. 2020;12:100190. PMid:32322486 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100190

Calder PC. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2020;3(1):74-92. PMid:33230497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000085

Laird E, Rhodes JM, Kenny RA, Vitamin D and inflammation: Potential implications for severity of Covid-. Ir Med J. 2020;113(5):81. PMid:32603576

Byrne D. Optimisation of Vitamin D status for enhanced immuno-protection against Covid-19. Ir Med J. 2020;113(4):58. PMid:32268051

Jacofsky D, Jacofsky EM, Jacofsky M. Understanding antibody testing for COVID-19. J Arthroplast J. 2020;35(7S):S74-81. PMid:32389405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.055

Gill H, Walker G. Selenium, immune function and resistance to viral infections. Nutr Diet. 2008;65(Suppl 3):S41-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2008.00260.x

Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Petunjuk Teknis Pelayanan Kesehatan di Klinik pada Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI; 2020.

Habibi A. Normal Baru Pasca Covid-19. Adalah Bul Huk Keadilan. 2020;4(1):197-204.