Flies (Musca domestica, Calliphora vomitoria, Sarcophadigae) and Cokroaches (Periplaneta americana) Control Based on Botanical Insecticides in Outdoor Food Processing Areas

Yosephina Septiati; Mimin Karmini; Irma Wartini

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.9985

Authors

Yosephina Septiati Department of Environmental Health, Bandung Health Polytechnic, West Java, Indonesia
Mimin Karmini Department of Environmental Health, Bandung Health Polytechnic, West Java, Indonesia
Irma Wartini Department of Environmental Health, Bandung Health Polytechnic, West Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9985

Keywords:

Bay leaf, Clove flower, Density of flies, Density of cockroaches, Repellent

Abstract

Background

Pathogenic agents can be spread by flies and cockroaches. Food processing areas are favored by insects, Control is carried out to prevent contamination of food. The use of synthetic insecticides causes environmental damage, resistance, and contamination of food that is processed and served. Natural ingredients containing active ingredients can be used as insect repellents that are safer because they can be decomposed by nature.

Research Objective

This study aims to determine the ability to use the concentration formula and duration of exposure to clove flower extract and bay leaf extract against the repelling capability of flies and cockroaches in outdoor restaurants.

Method

This research is field experiment research, which studies the effect of concentration formulations and exposure time of clove flower extract and bay leaf extract in repelling flies and cockroaches in food processing facilities. Experiments were carried out with 3 levels of formulation: Clove flower extract and bay leaf extract, namely 20%: 25%, 20%: 30%, 25%: 30% with 3 levels of exposure time, namely 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes. Outdoor restaurant as a place to observe the density of flies and the density of cockroaches, the temperature and humidity of the dining room/food serving room. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test.

Results:

The results of this study indicate that the formula of clove flower extract and bay leaf extract has an effect on the density of flies and cockroaches in outdoor restaurants. The mixed formula of 25% -30% extract with 60 minutes of exposure can repel flies by 100% in the outdoor dining area.

Conclusion

The mixed formula of Clove flower extract and bay leaf extract can be used to control the density of flies and cockroaches in outdoor food processing areas.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Putri JC, Lasmanawati E, Setiawati T. Introduction to Sundanese cuisine among teenagers in Kiaracondong sub district. Nutr Culinary Educ Media. 2019;8(1):40-7. https://doi.org/10.17509/boga.v8i1.19235 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/boga.v8i1.19235

Dossey AT, Morales-Ramos J, Rojas MG, editors. Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients Production, Processing and Food Applications. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Available from: https://www.elsevier.com/books/insects-as-sustainable-food-ingredients/dossey/978-0-12-802856-8 [Last accessed on 2016 Jul 25].

World Health Organization. Vector Surveillance and Control at Ports, Airports, and Ground Crossings. Geneva: International Health Regulation, World Health Organization; 2016. p. 92. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204660/1/9789241549592_eng.pdf [Last accessed on 2019 Jul 25].

Pai HH, Ko YC, Chen ER. Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica) as potential mechanical disseminators of Entamoeba histolytica. Acta Trop. 2003;87(3):355-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-706x(03)00140-2 PMid:2875929 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(03)00140-2

Rueger ME, OlsonTA. Cockroaches (Blattaria) as vectors of food poisoning and food infection organisms. J Med Entomol. 1969;6(2):185-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/62185 PMid:5807859 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/6.2.185

Von Seidlein L, Deok RK, Ali M, Lee H, Wang XY, Vu DT, et al. A multicentre study of Shigella diarrhoea in six Asian countries: Disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology. PLoS Med. 2006;3(9):1556-69. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030353 PMid:16968124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030353

Baskoro K. The relationship between dining place sanitation and cockroach density in the port of winner of KKP Class II Mataram. J Kesehat Masy. 2018;6(4):151-6. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v6i4.21387

Junqueira AC, Ratan A, Acerbi E, Drautz-Moses DI, Premkrishnan BN, Costea PI, et al. The microbiomes of blow flies andhouse flies as bacterial transmission reservoirs. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):16324. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16353-x PMid:29176730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16353-x

Davari B, Hassanvand AE, Nasirian H, Ghiasian SA, Salehzadeh A, Nazari M. Comparison of cockroach fungal contamination in the clinical and non-clinical environments from Iran. J Entomol Acarol Res. 2017;49(2):109-15. https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2017.6758 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2017.6758

Chaiwong T, Srivoramas T, Sukontason K, Sanford MR, Moophayak K, Sukontason KL. Survey of the synanthropic flies associated with human habitations in Ubon Ratchathani province of northeast Thailand. J Parasitol Res. 2012;2012:613132. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/613132 PMid:22934155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/613132

Pickering AJ, Ercumen A, Arnold BF, Kwong LH, Parvez SM, Alam M, et al. Fecal indicator bacteria along multiple environmental transmission pathways (water, hands, food, soil, flies) and subsequent child diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh. Environ Sci Technol. 2018;52(14):7928-36. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00928 PMid:29902374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00928

Wang JN, Hou J, Wu YY, Guo S, Liu QM, Li TQ, et al. Resistance of house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to five insecticides in Zhejiang province, China: The situation in 2017. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2019;2019:4851914. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4851914 PMid:31341522 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4851914

Ngolo P, Nawiri M, Machocho A, Oyieke H. Pesticide residue levels in soil, water, kales and tomatoes in Ewaso Narok Wetland, Laikipia, County, Kenya. J Sci Res Rep. 2019;24(5):1-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2019/v24i530165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2019/v24i530165

Pavela R, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Cappellacci L, Buccioni M, Palmieri A, et al. Outstanding insecticidal activity and sublethal effects of Carlina acaulis root essential oil on the housefly, Musca domestica, with insights on its toxicity on human cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020;136:111037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.11103719 PMid:31816346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.111037

Attaullah Z, Zahoor MK, Zahoor MA, Mubarik MS, Rizvi H, Majeed HN, et al. Insecticidal, biological and biochemical response of Musca domestica ( Diptera: Muscidae) to some indigenous weed plant extracts. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020;27(1):106-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.009 PMid:31889824 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.009

Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, et al. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): A short review. Phytother Res. 2007;21(6):501-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2124 PMid:17380552 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2124

Arifin B, Hasnirwan H. Isolation of Flavonoid Compounds from Bay Leaves (Polyanthi folium). Dubai: Semirata; 2015. Available from: https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/semirata2015/article/view/14235 [Last accessed on 2020 May 15].

Memmou F, Mahboub R. Composition of essential oil from fresh flower of clove. Sci Res Pharm. 2012;1(2):33-5.

Bili R, Ballo A, Blegur WA. The effectiveness of clove leaf alcohol extract (Syzygium aromaticum) as a spray repellent against house flies (Musca domestica). Sciscitatio. 2021;2(1):29-34. https://doi.org/10.21460/sciscitatio.2021.21.46 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21460/sciscitatio.2021.21.46

Indriasih M, Indra C, Taufik A. Utilization of Clove Leaf Extract (Syzygium aromaticum) as a Botanical Repellent in Reducing the Number of Flies that Perch During the Drying Process of Salted Fish; 2015. Available from: https://media/publications/14426-ID [Last accessed on 2019 Aug 15].

Ilham R, Lelo A, Harahap U, Widyawati T, Siahaan L. the effectivity of ethanolic extract from papaya leaves (Caricapapaya L.) as an alternative larvacide to aedesspp. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(20):3395-9. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019 PMid:32002060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.432

Yushananta P, Ahyanti M. The effectiveness of betle leaf (Piperbetle L.) extractasa bio-pesticide for controlled of house flies (Muscadomestica L.). Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9(E):895-900. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6886 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6886

Kumar P, Mishra S, Malik A, Satya S. Repellent, larvicidal and pupicidal properties of essential oils and their formulations againstthe housefly, Musca domestica. Med Vet Entomol. 2011;25(3):302-10. https://doi.org/10.111/j.1365-2915.2011.00945 PMid:21338379 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00945.x

Astuti S. Effect of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.) on mortality of adult American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). J Polinela. 2014:292-8. Available from: https://jurnal.polinela.ac.id/index.php/article/viewFile/403/2741 [Last accessed on 2019 Jul 20].

Zukowski K. Testing effectiveness of selectedbio-insecticides for reducing the population of cockroaches (Blattella germanica L.). Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1994;45(1-2):139-44. PMid:7878338

Liu XC, Liu Q, Chen H, Liu QZ, Jiang SY, Liu ZL. Evaluation of contact toxicity and repellency of the Essential Oil of Pogostemon cablin leave sandits constituents against Blattella germanica (Blattodae: Blattelidae). J Med Entomol. 2015;52(1):86-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tju003 PMid:26336284 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tju003

Redo T, Triwani T, Anwar C, Salni S. Larvicidal activity of ketapang leaf fraction (Terminalia catappa L)on Aedes aegypti Instar III. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(21):3526-9. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.760 PMid:32010370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.760

Bonomo MM, Sachi IT, Paulino MG, Fernandes JB, Carlos RM, Fernandes MN. Multi-biomarkers approach to access the impact of novel metal-insecticide based on flavonoid hesperidin on fish. Environ Pollut.2021;268(Pt B):115758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115758 PMid:33022572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115758

Siriporn P, Mayura S. The effects of herbal essential oils on the oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal activities of Aedes aegypti (Linn.), anopheles virus (peyton and harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say).TropBiomed. 2012;29(1):138-50. PMid:21771411

Seo SM, Park IK. Larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts and lignan identified in Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica roots against housefly (Musca domestica L.). Parasitol Res. 2012;110(5):1849-53. https://doi.1007/s00436-011-2709-5 PMid:22065063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2709-5

Mahardianti M, Nukmal N. Potential of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) as Natural Repellent for American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Pros Semin Nas Pengemb Teknol Pertan Politek Negeri Lampung; 2014. p. 26370.

Astuti LP, Septiati YA, Mulyati SS. The effect of the concentration of clove leaf extract on the Insect repellent. J Siliwangi Health. 2021;2(2):550-7. https://doi.org/10.34011/jks.v2i2.717

Moelyaningrum AD, Ningrum PT, Prajnawita D. Analysis flies density at final waste disposal Jember distric area, Indonesia. J Environ Health. 2020;12(2). https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i2.2020.136-143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i2.2020.136-143

Mahmoud MF. Ecological investigation, density, infestation rateand control strategy of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) in two hospital in Ismalia, Egypt. Int Acad Ecol Environ Sci. 2013;2(4):216-24.

Juliana N, Mallongi A, Megasari WO. Analysis of humidity, temperature, working period, and personal protective equipment in home industry at gold craftsmen. J Ilmu Kesehat. 2021;9(2):81-9. Available from: https://journals.umkt.ac.id/index.php/jik/article/download/2995/1049 [Last accessed on 2020 Jul 14]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30650/jik.v9i2.2995

Saefudin A. 2014, Natural compounds secondary metabolites theory, concepts, techniques. Deepublish, Yogyakarta Indonesia. In: Botanical Pesticides: Ingredients and Application. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya; 1999.

Chauhan N, Malik A, Sharma S. Repellency potential of essential oils against housefly, Musca domestica L. environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018;25(5):4707-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0363-x PMid:29197060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0363-x

Dahlan MS. Satistik Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2009.

Minister of Health Regulation No. 1096 Concerning Sanitary Hygiene for Food Processing Places. Available from: https://Sinkarkes.kemkes.go.id [Last accessed on 2019 Apr 11].

Mann R, Kaufman P. Natural Product Pesticides: Their Development, Delivery and Use Against Insect Vectors. Mini Reviewsin Organic Chemistry. 2012;9:185-202. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193128006047331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/157019312800604733

Shinta. 2010. Potency of Patchouli Leaf Extract (Pogostemon cablin B.), Babadotan Leaf (Ageratum conyzoides L), Kenanga Flower (Cananga odorata hook F & Thoms), and Rosemarry Leaf (Rosmarinus officinalis) as repellent against Aedes aegypti L. artikel media litbang kesehatan, Volume 22, Nomor 2, Juni Tahun 2012. https://doi.org/10.22435/mpk.v22i2%20Jun.2628

Oktarina R. The Effectiveness of Pepper Seed Powder (Piper nigrum) as a Repellent Against Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana); 2012. Availble from: https://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/34085 [Last accessed on 2019 May 25].

Stafford KC. Fly Management Handbook: A Guide to Biology, Dispersal, and Management of the House Fly and Related Flies for Farmers, Municipalities, and Public Health Officials. New Haven: Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station; 2008. p. 1-36.