Can Health Belief Model Predict Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors?

Azar Darvishpour; Soheila Mazloum Vajari; Sara Noroozi

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.183

Authors

Azar Darvishpour Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), Rasht
Soheila Mazloum Vajari Department of Nursing, Lahijan Branch Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran; Department of Health Services Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
Sara Noroozi Department of Nursing, Lahijan Branch Islamic Azad University, Lahijan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.183

Keywords:

Breast cancer, Health belief model, Screening methods

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second cause of cancer-related death among women. Prevention programs insist on the early diagnosis and screening to reduce the mortality rate.

AIM: The study was conducted to determine the predictors of breast cancer screening behaviours based on the health belief model.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was conducted by involving 304 women ranging from 20 to 65 years of age, living in East Guilan cities, the North of Iran, in 2015 using two-stage cluster sampling. The research instrument was Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. The data were analysed based on Regression test by using SPSS software version 18.

RESULTS: The results showed perceived benefits (ExpB = 1.118, p = 0.009), self-efficacy (ExpB = 1.122, p = 0.001) and the perceived barriers (ExpB = 0.851, p = 0.001) as the predictors of breast self-examination. In addition, the study revealed that the two components of perceived benefits (ExpB = 1.202), and the perceived barriers were the predictors of mammography (ExpB = 0.864) (p = 0.001). None of the health belief model components showed a role to predict clinical breast examination (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The present study highlights the need for educational programs, which should focus on increasing breast self-exam skills and understanding the benefits of healthy behaviours and eliminating their barriers.

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