CRP Gene Polymorphism and Their Risk Association With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Hakim Bahlok Jebur; Mirza Masroor; Hafiz Ahmad; Naushad Ahmad Khan; Juheb Akther; Dipu Bharali; Vijay Kumar Singh; Amit Verma; Shahbaz Khan; Vasiuddin Khan; Rameez Hasan; Deepti Bhatt; Yamini Goyal; Kapil Dev

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.014

Authors

Hakim Bahlok Jebur Deparment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, WAIST University, Iraq
Mirza Masroor Deparment of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
Hafiz Ahmad Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
Naushad Ahmad Khan Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Newyork, USA
Juheb Akther Deparment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, WAIST University, Iraq
Dipu Bharali Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
Vijay Kumar Singh Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
Amit Verma Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, University, New Delhi, India
Shahbaz Khan Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, University, New Delhi, India
Vasiuddin Khan Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, University, New Delhi, India
Rameez Hasan Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, University, New Delhi, India
Deepti Bhatt Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, University, New Delhi, India
Yamini Goyal Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, University, New Delhi, India
Kapil Dev Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, University, New Delhi, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.014

Keywords:

Type 2 Diabetes, CRP gene polymorphism, Biochemical parameters

Abstract

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker associated with T2DM, obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease.

AIM: The present study evaluates the association of CRP +1059 G/C polymorphism of the CRP gene in 100 T2D cases and 100 healthy controls.

METHODS: Present study was done by allele specific PCR method to study the CRP gene polymorphism in study subjects.

RESULTS: Study found that CRP (+1059 G/C) genotype distribution among case and controls was found to be significant (p=0.001), Higher CRP C allele frequency (0.16) was observed compared to controls (0.04). CRP +1059 GC and CC had 2.72 (1.12-6.61), 20.56 (1.16-362.1) risk for T2D. It has been observed, HTN, Obesity, Smoking and alcoholism was found to be associated with increased risk of T2D, and a significant difference was observed in biochemical parameters.

CONCLUSION: Study concluded that CRP gene polymorphism was found to be associated with risk of Type 2 Diabetes and risk was linked with heterozygosity and mutant homozygosity. Hypertension, Obesity, Smoking and alcoholism increases the risk of occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Wild S, Rolic C, Green A. Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projection for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004; 37:1047-1053. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047

MarreM, Hadjadj S, Bouhanick B. Hereditary factors in the development of the diabetic renal disease. Diabetes Metab. 2000; 26:30â€“6. PMid:10922971

Schulze M, Rifai N, Rimm E, Stampfer M, Li T, Hu F. C-reactive protein and incident cardiovascular events among men with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27:889â€“894. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.4.889 PMid:15047644 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.4.889

International Diabetes Federation, "IDF diabetes atlas," in International Diabetes Federation, pp. 1â€“144, Brussels, Belgium, 7th edition, 2015. http://www.diabetesatlas.org.

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetesâ€”2013. Diabetes care. 2013; 36(Suppl 1):S11. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-S011 PMid:23264422 PMCid:PMC3537269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-S011

Thorand B, LÃ¶wel H, Schneider A, Kolb H, Meisinger C, FrÃ¶hlich M, Koenig W. C-reactive protein as a predictor for incident diabetes mellitus among middle-aged men: results from the MONICA Augsburg cohort study, 1984-1998. Archives of internal medicine. 2003; 163(1):93-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.93 PMid:12523922 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.93

Tousoulis D, Hatzis G, Papageorgiou N, Androulakis E, Bouras G, Giolis A, Bakogiannis C, Siasos G, Latsios G, Antoniades C, Stefanadis C. Assessment of acute coronary syndromes: focus on novel biomarkers. Current medicinal chemistry. 2012; 19(16):2572-87. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986712800493011 PMid:22489714 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/092986712800493011

Carlson CS, Aldred SF, Lee PK, Tracy RP, Schwartz SM, Rieder M, Liu K, Williams OD, Iribarren C, Lewis EC, Fornage M. Polymorphisms within the C-reactive protein (CRP) promoter region are associated with plasma CRP levels. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2005; 77(1):64-77. https://doi.org/10.1086/431366 PMid:15897982 PMCid:PMC1226195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/431366

Miller DT, Zee RY, Suk Danik J, Kozlowski P, Chasman DI, Lazarus R, Cook NR, Ridker PM, Kwiatkowski DJ. Association of common CRP gene variants with CRP levels and cardiovascular events. Annals of human genetics. 2005; 69(6):623-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00210.x PMid:16266402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00210.x

Brull DJ, Serrano N, Zito F, Jones L, Montgomery HE, Rumley A, Sharma P, Lowe GD, World MJ, Humphries SE, Hingorani AD. Human CRP gene polymorphism influences CRP levels: implications for the prediction and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2003; 23(11):2063-9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000084640.21712.9C PMid:12842840 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000084640.21712.9C

Wang JR, Zhang YL. Association between ATPbinding cassette transporter A1 R219K gene polymorphisms and acute mocardial infarction. Academic Journal of Chinese PLA Medical School. 2013:777â€“78.

Fuchsberger C, Flannick J, Teslovich TM, Mahajan A, Agarwala V, Gaulton KJ, Ma C, Fontanillas P, Moutsianas L, McCarthy DJ, Rivas MA. The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2016; 536(7614):41. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18642 PMid:27398621 PMCid:PMC5034897 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18642

MacGregor AJ, Gallimore JR, Spector TD, Pepys MB. Genetic effects on baseline values of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid a protein: a comparison of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Clinical chemistry. 2004; 50(1):130-4. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2003.028258 PMid:14633907 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2003.028258

Thalmaier D, Dambacher J, Seiderer J, Konrad A, Schachinger V, Pfennig S, OTTE JM, Crispin A, GÃ¶ke B, OchsenkÃ¼hn T, Lohse P. The+ 1059G/C polymorphism in the Câ€reactive protein (CRP) gene is associated with involvement of the terminal ileum and decreased serum CRP levels in patients with Crohn's disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2006; 24(7):1105-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03093.x PMid:16984505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03093.x

Lange LA, Carlson CS, Hindorff LA, Lange EM, Walston J, Durda JP, Cushman M, Bis JC, Zeng D, Lin D, Kuller LH. Association of polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating C-reactive protein levels and cardiovascular events. Jama. 2006; 296(22):2703-11. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.22.2703 PMid:17164456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.22.2703

Saha MS, Sana NK, Shaha RK. Serum lipid profile of hypertensive patients in the northern region of Bangladesh. Journal of Bio-Science. 2006; 14:93-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v14i0.450

Bambara R, Mittal Y, Mathur A. Evaluation of Lipid Profile of North Indian Hypertensive Subjects. Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013; 3:38â€“41.

Ijeh I, Ejike CE, Okorie U. Serum lipid profile and lipid pro-atherogenic indices of a cohort of Nigerian adults with varying glycemic and blood pressure phenotypes. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2010; 4(6):2102â€“2112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v4i6.64912

Attvall S, Fowelin J, Lager I, von Schenck H, Smith U. Smoking induces insulin resistance: a potential link with the insulinresistance syndrome. J Intern Med. 1993; 233:327-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00680.x PMid:8463765 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00680.x

Parchwani DN, Upadhyah AA, Chandan DH. Effect of active smoking on glucose tolerance and lipid profile. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2013; 2:20-25. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2013.2.20-25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2013.2.20-25

Haggard HW, Greenberg LA. The effects of cigarette smoking upon the blood sugar. Science. 1934; 79(2042):165-6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.79.2042.165 PMid:17788147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.79.2042.165

Seike N, Noda M, Kadowaki T. Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese: a systematic review. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008; 17(4):545-51. PMid:19114388

Chan JC, Malik V, Jia W, Kadowaki T, Yajnik CS, Yoon KH, Hu FB. Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. Jama. 2009; 301(20):2129-40. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.726 PMid:19470990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.726

Druesne-Pecollo N, Tehard B, Mallet Y, Gerber M, Norat T, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P. Alcohol and genetic polymorphisms: effect on risk of alcohol-related cancer. The lancet oncology. 2009; 10(2):173-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70019-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70019-1