The Prevalence of Malocclusion among Schoolchildren in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.188Keywords:
Malocclusion, Holy City of Makkah, SchoolchildrenAbstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of malocclusion varies from one region to another and among different age groups and ethnicities. According to the World Health Organization, malocclusion is the third most common abnormal dental condition.
AIM: This study aims to establish the prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in the Holy City of Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 Saudi schoolchildren, 12-15 years of age, of both genders, randomly selected from 15 schools in different regions of Makkah. Molar and canine relationships were examined, in addition to traits such as crowding, spacing, overjet, overbite, cross-bite, scissor bite, and maxillary diastema.
RESULTS: The most prevalent molar relationship was Class I (52.3%), followed by Class II (25%), and Class III (20.5%). Crowding was the most prevalent malocclusion trait (74%), and scissor bite was the least common (2.5%). A statistically significant difference was found between males and females in most of the recorded criteria (P < 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Among schoolchildren in Makkah, Class I molar relationship was the most prevalent type of occlusion, and the most prevalent malocclusion trait was crowding.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Walther DP, Houston WJB, Jones ML, Oliver RG. Walther and Houston's orthodontic notes. 5th ed. Oxford: Wright, 1994. PMCid:PMC43175
Meer Z, Sadatullah S, Wahab MA, Mustafa AB, Odusanya SA, Razak PA. Prevalence of malocclusion and its common traits in Saudi males of Aseer region. J Dent Res Rev. 2016; 3:99-102. https://doi.org/10.4103/2348-2915.194834
Dale G. Guidance of occlusion: Serial extraction. In: Graber YM, Swain BF, editors. Orthodontic Current Principles and Technique. St. Louis: CV Mosby Company, 1985:284-95. PMid:3971422
Greiger A. Malocclusion as an etiologic factor in periodontal disease: A retrospective essay. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001; 120:112-15. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.114537 PMid:11500651
Kenealy P, Frude N, Shaw W. An evaluation of the psychological and social effects of malocclusion: Some implications for dental policy making. Social Science & Medicine. 1989; 28:583-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(89)90253-0
Proffit WR, Fields 3rd HW. Contemporary orthodontics 3rd ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby. 2000:185-95.
Housten WJ. Walther's Orthodontic Notes 4th ed. Oregon: The Stonebridge Publishers, 2000.
Abu Alhaija ES, Al-Khateeb SN, Al-Nimri KS. Prevalence of malocclusion in 13-15 year-old North Jordanian school children. Community Dent Health. 2005; 22(4):266-71. PMid:16379166
Gudipaneni RK, Aldahmeshi RF, Patil SR, Alam MK. The prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia: An epidemiological study. BMC Oral Health. 2018; 18:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0476-8 PMid:29390986 PMCid:PMC5796577
Asiry MA. Occlusal status among 12-16 year-old school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Int Oral Health. 2015; 7(5):20. PMid:26028897 PMCid:PMC4441230
Albakri FM, Ingle N, Assery MK. Prevalence of malocclusion among male school children in Riyadh City. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018; 6(7):1296. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.207 PMid:30087740 PMCid:PMC6062270
Albarakati SF, Taher S. Malocclusion traits in Saudi females seeking orthodontic treatment. Pak Oral Dent J. 2010; 30:127-132.
Behbehani F, Artun J, Alâ€Jame B, Kerosuo H. Prevalence and severity of malocclusion in adolescent Kuwaitis. Med Princ Pract. 2005; 14:390â€5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000088111 PMid:16220011
Celikoglu M, Akpinar S, Yavuz I. The pattern of malocclusion in a sample of orthodontic patients from Turkey. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010; 15:e791â€6. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.15.e791 PMid:20383112
American Dental Association: Adopted 1995, Revised 1997. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ada.org/en/member-center/member-benefits/practice-resources/dental-practice-parameters/malocclusion.
Baeshen H. The Prevalence of Major Types of Occlusal Anomalies among Saudi Middle School Students. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2017; 18(2):142-146. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2005 PMid:28174368
Al-Hummayani FM, & Taibah SM. Orthodontic treatment needs in Saudi young adults and manpower requirements. Saudi medical journal. 2018; 39(8):822.†https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2018.8.22337 PMid:30106421 PMCid:PMC6194985
Adib K, Joseph BS, Nayla BN. Orthodontic patients: An epidemiologic and analytic study, an observational retrospective study. International Arab Journal of Dentistry. 2010; 1:36â€43.
Angle EH. Classification of malocclusion. Dental Cosmos. 1899; 41:248-64.
Bishara SE. Textbook of orthodontics. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2001.
Tsai HH. Components of anterior crossbite in the primary dentition. J Dent Child. 2001; 68(1):27-32. PMid:11324403
Filho OGS, Montes LAP, Torelly LF. Rapid maxillary expansion in the deciduous and mixed dentition evaluated through posteroanterior cephalometric analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 107(3):268-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70142-7
Björk A, Krebs A, Solow B. A method for epidemiological registration of malocclusion. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964; 22:28-40. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356408993963
Baum AT. The midline diastema. J Oral Med. 1966; 21:30-9. PMid:4951230
Thilander B, Pena L, Infante C, Parada SS, de Mayorga C. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in children and adolescents in Bogota, Colombia. An epidemiological study related to different stages of dental development. Eur J Orthodont. 2001; 23(2):153-68.†https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/23.2.153
PMid:11398553
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Nuha H. Fatani, Manal Ahmed Ba Hammam, Hana’a Oraif, Sara Taher, Waleed Taju, Omair Bukhari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
