Contributing Factors to Increased Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume in COVID-19 ICU Patients in Sanglah Hospital: A Study on Galectin-3

Marilaeta Cindryani Lolobali; I. M. G. Widnyana; Ni Made Ayu Wulansari; Ida Bagus Rangga Wibhuti; Made Wiryana; Rudyanto Sedono; Aldy Heriwardito

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.10591

Authors

Marilaeta Cindryani Lolobali Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Indonesia, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-5760
I. M. G. Widnyana Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Ni Made Ayu Wulansari Department of Cardiology and Vascular, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Ida Bagus Rangga Wibhuti Department of Cardiology and Vascular, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Made Wiryana Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Rudyanto Sedono Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Indonesia, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia
Aldy Heriwardito Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Indonesia, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10591

Keywords:

Factors, Increased LVEDV, ICU, COVID-19, Galectin-3

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease that has become the largest pandemic and also could put the heart at risk of dysfunction. Galectin-3 is involved in the inflammatory process that continues with remodeling and eventually fibrosis. Using galectin-3 examination, we could predict the possible worsening of heart function and evaluate data on influencing factors for increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) which could later progress to heart failure.

METHODS: This is an observational prospective analytic study in the COVID-19 ICU of Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. The study was conducted from June to October 2021. All research subjects had their blood samples taken for galectin-3 levels examination using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjects were also evaluated for left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) with echocardiography, SOFA scores, and troponin I levels. Subjects were treated with COVID-19 standard protocol established by the Ministry of Health. After 72 h post-admission, subjects were re-examined for galectin-3 levels and LVEDV. Data were analyzed using STATA™.

RESULTS: A total of 45 research subjects were analyzed. Bivariate analysis of the difference of galectin-3 and LVEDV was shown to be insignificant (r = 0.08), no correlation was found between galectin-3 level and LVEDV on ICU admission (r = 0.191), and no correlation found between galectin-3 level and LVEDV after 72 h of hospitalization (r=0.197). Multivariate analysis also showed that none of the variables, namely, difference of galectin-3 level, age, gender, troponin I, SOFA, and Charlson scores had statistically significant correlation with LVEDV (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: No significant correlation was found between galectin-3 level and an increase in LVEDV.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

World Health Organization. COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20201020-weekly-epiupdate-10.pdf [Last accessed on 2020 Oct 20].

World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-30. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/externalsituation-report-30-21october2020.pdf?sfvrsn=9d689952_2 [Last accessed on 2020 Dec 27].

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7 PMid:32007143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7

Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(7):811-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017 PMid:32219356 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017

Kim H, Hur M, Moon H, Yun Y, di Somma S. Multi-marker approach using procalcitonin, presepsin, galectin-3, and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 for the prediction of mortality in sepsis. Ann Intensive Care. 2017;7(1):27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-017-0252-y PMid:28271449 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-017-0252-y

Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes). Kasus COVID-19 Indonesia Didominasi Perempuan; 2021. Available from: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/01/23/kasuscovid-19-indonesia-didominasi-perempuan [Last accessed on 2021 Jan 21].

Needham DM, Scales DC, Laupacis A, Pronovost PJ. A systematic review of the Charlson comorbidity index using Canadian administrative databases: A perspective on risk adjustment in critical care research. J Crit Care. 2005;20(1):12-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2004.09.007 PMid:16015512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2004.09.007

Stavem K, Hoel H, Skjaker SA, Haagensen R. Charlson comorbidity index derived from chart review or administrative data: Agreement and prediction of mortality in intensive care patients. Clin Epidemiol. 2017;9:311-20. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S133624 PMid:28652813 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S133624

Kuswardhani RA, Henrina J, Pranata R, Lim MA, Lawrensia S, Suastika K. Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(6):2103-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.022 PMid:33161221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.022

Yang Z, Hu Q, Huang F, Xiong S, Sun Y. The prognostic value of the SOFA score in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective, observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(32):e26900. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000026900 PMid:34397917 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000026900

Raschke RA, Agarwal S, Rangan P, Heise CW, Curry SC. Discriminant accuracy of the SOFA score for determining the probable mortality of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. JAMA. 2021;325(14):1469-70. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1545 PMid:33595630 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1545

Portacci A, Diaferia F, Santomasi C, Dragonieri S, Boniello E, Di Serio F, et al. Galectin-3 as prognostic biomarker in patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory failure. Respir Med. 2021;187:106556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106556 PMid:34375925 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106556

Kusnierz-Cabala B, Maziarz B, Dumnicka P, Dembiński M, Kapusta M, Bociąga-Jasik M, et al. Diagnostic significance of serum galectin-3 in hospitalized patients with COVID-19-a preliminary study. Biomolecules. 2021;11(8):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11081136 PMid:34439802 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11081136

Wibowo A, Pranata R, Akbar MR, Purnomowati A, Martha JW. Prognostic performance of troponin in COVID-19: A diagnostic meta-analysis and meta-regression. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;105:312-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.113 PMid:33667694 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.113

Al Abbasi B, Torres P, Ramos-Tuarez F, Dewaswala N, Abdallah A, Chen K, et al. Cardiac troponin-I and COVID-19: A prognostic tool for in-hospital mortality. Cardiol Res. 2020;11(6):398-404. https://doi.org/10.14740/cr1159 PMid:33224386 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14740/cr1159

Silverio A, di Maio M, Scudiero F, Russo V, Esposito L, Attena E, et al. Clinical conditions and echocardiographic parameters associated with mortality in COVID-19. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51(12):e.13638. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13638 PMid:34287861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13638

Felker GM, Fiuzat M, Shaw LK, Clare R, Whellan DJ, Bettari L, et al. Galectin-3 in ambulatory patients with heart failure: Results from the HF-action study. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5(1):72-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.963637 PMid:22016505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.963637

Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801-10. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0287 PMid:26903338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0287

Clay S, Alfakih K, Radjenovic A, Jones T, Ridgway JP, Sinvananthan MU. Normal range of human left ventricular volumes and mass using steady state free precession MRI in the radial long axis orientation. MAGMA. 2006;19(1):41-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-005-0025-8 PMid: 16477435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-005-0025-8

Ribeiro A, Mendonca M, Sousa CS, Barbosa MT, Morais-Almeida M. Prevalence, presentation and outcomes of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med. 2022;16:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/11795484221082761 PMid:35221741 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/11795484221082761

Hara A, Niwa M, Noguchi K, Kanayama T, Niwa A, Matsuo M, et al. Galectin-3 as next-generation biomarker for detecting early stage of various disease. Biomolecules. 2020;10(3):389. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10030389 PMid:32138174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10030389

Siswanto BB, Hersunarti N, Erwinanto, Barack R, Pratikto RS, Nauli SE, et al. Pedoman Tatalaksana Gagal Jantung. Indonesia: Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia-Perkki; 2015. p. 1-56.

Pramana IM. Tatalaksana gagal jantung perioperatif. JAI. 2014;1(3):63-71.

Astuti DP. Tinjauan Pustaka: Gagal Jantung. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana; 2017. p.1-18.