Unique Clinical Manifestation of Infective Endocarditis in Children: A Case Series
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11223Keywords:
Unique manifestation, Infective endocarditis, NeonateAbstract
BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis (IE) was a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Infective endocarditis could occur in all ages with higher in children below 1-year-old, including neonates. Various clinical manifestations of IE in children make it difficult to make a prompt diagnosis and appropriate management. Finding in echocardiography could help clinicians determine the diagnosis of IE. Systemic embolization could cause many complications that may present as chief complaint underlying patient hospitalization.
CASE PRESENTATION: We present case series of diverse manifestation of IE in children in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Two cases had a history of structural heart disease, while one case with no history of any structural heart disease before.
CONCLUSION: Wide range of symptoms that could occur in children with IE, made it challenging to make a proper diagnosis.
Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Baltimore RS, Gewitz M, Baddour LM, Beerman LB, Jackson MA, Lockhart PB, et al. Infective endocarditis in childhood:
update: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132(15):1487-515. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000298 PMid:26373317
Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075-128. http://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv319 PMid:26320109
Kelchtermans J, Grossar L, Eyskens B, Cools B, Roggen M, Boshoff D, et al. Clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38(5):453-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002212 PMid:30346369
Khan O, Shafi AM, Timmis A. International guideline changes and the incidence of infective endocarditis: A systematic review. Open Heart J. 2016;3(2):e000498. http://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2016-000498 PMid:27621836
Luca AC, Curpan AS, Adumitrachioaiei H, Ciobanu I, Dragomirescu C, Manea RS, et al., editors. Difficulties in Diagnosis and Therapy of Infective Endocarditis in Children and Adolescents-Cohort Study. Basel, Switzerland: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2021.
Cahill TJ, Jewell PD, Denne L, Franklin RC, Frigiola A, Orchard E, et al. Contemporary epidemiology of infective endocarditis in patients with congenital heart disease: A UK prospective study. Am Heart J. 2019;215:70-7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2019.05.014 PMid:31299559
Smith JA, Kretovics E, Hartley J, Svenson A. Infective endocarditis of the aortic valve in a neonate. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2021;62(3):101372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101372
Carrilho MC, Bravo-Valenzuela NJ, Júnior EA. Congenital complete atrioventricular heart block in a pregnant woman with Sjögren syndrome: Prenatal care follow-up and the challenge of intrauterine treatment. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2020;42(4):228-32. http://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709738 PMid:32330965
Baruteau AE, Pass RH, Thambo JB, Behaghel A, Le Pennec S, Perdreau E, et al. Congenital and childhood atrioventricular blocks: Pathophysiology and contemporary management. Eur J Pediatr. 2016;175(9):1235-48. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-016-2748-0 PMid:27351174
Hansahiranwadee W. Diagnosis and management of fetal autoimmune atrioventricular block. Int J Womens Health. 2020;12:633-9. http://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S257407 PMid:32884363
Cuneo BF, Ambrose SE, Tworetzky W. Detection and successful treatment of emergent anti-SSA-mediated fetal atrioventricular block. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(4):527-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.002 PMid:27418449
Kuleva M, Le Bidois J, Decaudin A, Villain E, Costedoat- Chalumeau N, Lemercier D, et al. Clinical course and outcome of antenatally detected atrioventricular block: Experience of a single tertiary centre and review of the literature. Prenat Diagn. 2015;35(4):354-61. http://doi.org/10.1002/pd.4547 PMid:25487821
Sun LC, Lai CC, Wang CY, Wang YH, Wang JY, Hsu YL, et al. Risk factors for infective endocarditis in children with congenital heart diseases-a nationwide population-based case control study. Int J Cardiol. 2017;248:126-30. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.08.009 PMid:28811093
Lin YT, Hsieh KS, Chen YS, Huang IF, Cheng MF. Infective endocarditis in children without underlying heart disease. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2013;46(2):121-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2012.05.001 PMid:22727890
Harris CM, Albaeni A, Norris KC. Impact of malnutrition in patients with infective endocarditis. Nutr Clin Pract. 2021;36(2):472-9. http://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10557 PMid:32700334
Willoughby ML, Basera W, Perkins SR, Comitis GAM, Fourie B, Lawrenson JB, et al. Infective endocarditis in infants and children in the Western Cape, South Africa: A retrospective analysis. Cardiol Young. 2019;29(10):1282-6. http://doi.org/10.1017/ S1047951119002154 PMid:32167040
Yonas E, Damay V, Pranata R, Nusarintowati N. Infective endocarditis due to Burkholderia cepacia in a neonate: A case report. J Med Case Rep. 2018;12(1):120. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-018-1633-z PMid:29734941
Lord R, Jones AM, Horsley A. Antibiotic treatment for Burkholderia cepacia complex in people with cystic fibrosis experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;4(4):CD009529. http://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009529.pub4 PMid:32239690
Ware AL, Tani LY, Weng HY, Wilkes J, Menon SC. Resource utilization and outcomes of infective endocarditis in children. J Pediatr. 2014;165(4):807- 12.e1. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.06.026 PMid:25064162
Niwa K, Nakazawa M, Tateno S, Yoshinaga M, Terai M. Infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease: Japanese National Collaboration Study. Heart. 2005;91(6):795-800. http://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2004.043323 PMid:15894782
Lamas CC, Fournier PE, Zappa M, Brandão TJ, Januário- da-Silva CA, Correia MG, et al. Diagnosis of blood culture- negative endocarditis and clinical comparison between blood culture-negative and blood culture-positive cases. Infection. 2016;44(4):459-66. http://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-015-0863-x PMid:26670038
Fournier PE, Thuny F, Richet H, Lepidi H, Casalta JP, Arzouni JP, et al. Comprehensive diagnostic strategy for blood culture- negative endocarditis: A prospective study of 819 new cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(2):131-40. http://doi.org/10.1086/653675
PMid:20540619
Math RS, Sharma G, Kothari SS, Kalaivani M, Saxena A, Kumar AS, et al. Prospective study of infective endocarditis from a developing country. Am Heart J. 2011;162(4):633-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2011.07.014 PMid:21982654
Garg N, Kandpal B, Garg N, Tewari S, Kapoor A, Goel P, et al. Characteristics of infective endocarditis in a developing country- clinical profile and outcome in 192 Indian patients, 1992-2001. Int J Cardiol. 2005;98(2):253-60. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.10.043 PMid:15686775
Sadiq M, Nazir M, Sheikh SA. Infective endocarditis in children- incidence, pattern, diagnosis and management in a developing country. Int J Cardiol. 2001;78(2):175-82. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(01)00374-6 PMid:11334662
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sri Endah Rahayuningsih, Rahmat Budi Kuswiyanto, Putria Apandi, Djatnika Setiabudi, Berton Juniper Manurung, Monika Hasna (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
