Assessment of the Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Moringa Leaf Extract in Periodontitis Cases through IL-6 Cytokine Analysis in Wistar (Rattus novergicus)

Sumintarti Sugiharto; Sri Ramadany; Hendrastuti Handayani; Harun Achmad; Nurul Mutmainnah; Nur Hildah Inayah; Arrang Sesioria; Asrina Zohraeni Thamrin

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2022.8381

Authors

Sumintarti Sugiharto Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Sri Ramadany Department of Public Health, Medicine Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Hendrastuti Handayani Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Harun Achmad Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-2064
Nurul Mutmainnah Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Nur Hildah Inayah Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Arrang Sesioria Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1779-9296
Asrina Zohraeni Thamrin Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8381

Keywords:

Moringa oleifera, Leaf extract, Periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, IL-6 cytokines, Inflammatory cytokines

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes damage to the supporting structures of the teeth, and if left untreated, it can lead to impaired function, appearance, pain, and tooth loss. Periodontitis is caused by bacteria that adhere to and grow on the tooth surface. The “red complex” bacteria consisted of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. These bacteria will trigger an inflammatory response in the body. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an IL that acts both as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 is a stimulator for MMP production. To treat the periodontal disease can be through non-surgical therapy as well as surgical therapy, to maximize therapy, it is accompanied by antimicrobial therapy. However, because of the frequent use of antimicrobials, causing antimicrobial resistance in patients, the use of natural ingredients as additional therapy is very necessary for this study using Moringa leaves as a substitute for antimicrobials.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Moringa leaf in influencing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. The first benefit of this research is to provide scientific information in the field of dentistry regarding the effectiveness of Moringa leaves against red-complex bacteria P. gingivalis as a cause of chronic periodontitis through anti-inflammatory cytokine analysis.

METHODS: The type of research that will be used is quasi-experimental with a post-test research design with a control group design. This study used a sample consisted of 30 Wistars (Rattus novergicus) and was divided into two groups based on periodontal tissue sampling as follows treatment group which was treated with extracts Moringa and control group with aquadest irrigation after bacterial induction in the gingival sulcus. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 and centrifuged obtain blood serum and serum cytokine levels (pg/mL) were quantified using a commercial ELISA IL-6 kit.

RESULTS: This study obtained the results that there was a decrease in IL-6 in both groups on the 3^rdday of observation (D3) where the treatment group given Moringa extract showed a greater decrease in IL-6 levels compared to the control group. There is a significant value in the comparison of IL-6 levels between the two groups with p-value: 0.000 (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed the anti-inflammatory effect on inflammation induced by the bacterium P. gingivalis. M. oleifera extract can reduce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 induced by P. gingivalis bacteria in periodontitis.

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