Androgen Receptor Expression in Epithelial and Stromal Cells of Prostatic Carcinoma and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.151Keywords:
prostatic carcinoma, androgen receptor, epithelium, stroma, tumour gradeAbstract
BACKGROUND: Prostatic carcinoma (PCa) derives from prostatic epithelial cells. However stromal microenvironment, associated with malignant epithelium, also plays a role in prostatic carcinogenesis. Alterations in prostatic stromal cells contribute to the loss of growth control in epithelial cells that lead to progression of PCa.
AIM: To analyse the differences between Androgen Receptor (AR) expression in both epithelial and stromal cells in PCa and the surrounding benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to compare the results with tumour grade.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples from 70 cases of radical prostatectomy specimens were used. The expression and intensity of the signal for AR was analysed in the epithelial and stromal cells of PCa and BPH, and the data was quantified using histological score (H-score).
RESULTS: AR showed significantly lower expression in both epithelial and stromal cells of PCa compared to BPH. In PCa a significant positive correlation of AR expression was found between stromal and epithelial cells of PCa. AR expression showed a correlation between the stromal cells of PCa and tumour grade.
CONCLUSION: AR expression is reduced in epithelial and stromal cells of PCa. Expression of AR in stromal cells of PCa significantly correlates with tumour grade.Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Singh M, Jha R, Melamed J, Shapiro E, Hayward SW, Lee P. Stromal androgen receptor in prostate development and cancer. Am J Pathol. 2014;184(10):2598-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.022 PMid:25088980 PMCid:PMC4188859
Ishibashi H, Suzuki T, Suzuki S, Moriya T, Kaneko C, Takizawa T, Sunamori M, Handa M, Kondo T, Sasano H. Sex steroid hormone receptors in human thymoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(5):2309-17. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021353 PMid:12727990
Qiu YQ, Leuschner I, Braun PM. Androgen receptor expression in clinically localized prostate cancer: immunohistochemistry study and literature review. Asian J Androl. 2008;10(6):855-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00428.x PMid:18958349
Takeda H, Akakura K, Masai M, Akimoto S, Yatani R, Shimazaki J. Androgen receptor content of prostate carcinoma cells estimated by immunohistochemistry is related to prognosis of patients with stage D2 prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 1996;77(5):934-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960301)77:5<934::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-3
Segawa N, Mori I, Utsunomiya H, Nakamura M, Nakamura Y, Shan L, Kakudo K, Katsuoka Y. Prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation, proliferation activity and androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer. Pathol Int. 2001;51(6):452-9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01226.x PMid:11422807
Theodoropoulos VE, Tsigka A, Mihalopoulou A, Tsoukala V, Lazaris AC, Patsouris E, Ghikonti I. Evaluation of neuroendocrine staining and androgen receptor expression in incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma: prognostic implications. Urology. 2005;66(4):897-902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.04.064 PMid:16230178
Miyamoto KK, McSherry SA, Dent GA, Sar M, Wilson EM, French FS, Sharief Y, Mohler JL. Immunohistochemistry of the androgen receptor in human benign and malignant prostate tissue. J Urol. 1993;149(5):1015-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36284-5
Ruizeveld de Winter JA, Trapman J, Brinkmann AO, Boersma WJ, Mulder E, Schroeder FH, Claassen E, van der Kwast TH. Androgen receptor heterogeneity in human prostatic carcinomas visualized by immunohistochemistry. J Pathol. 1990;160(4):329-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1711600409 PMid:2193135
Pertschuk LP, Schaeffer H, Feldman JG, Macchia RJ, Kim YD, Eisenberg K, Braithwaite LV, Axiotis CA, Prins G, Green GL. Immunostaining for prostate cancer androgen receptor in paraffin identifies a subset of men with a poor prognosis. Lab Invest. 1995;73(2):302-5. PMid:7637331
Inoue T1, Segawa T, Shiraishi T, Yoshida T, Toda Y, Yamada T, Kinukawa N, Kinoshita H, Kamoto T, Ogawa O. Androgen receptor, Ki67, and p53 expression in radical prostatectomy specimens predict treatment failure in Japanese population. Urology. 2005;66(2):332-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.02.028 PMid:16098362
Li Y, Li CX, Ye H, Chen F, Melamed J, Peng Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Tsou HC, Wei J, Walden P, Garabedian MJ, Lee P: Decrease in stromal androgen receptor associates with androgen-independent disease and promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion. J Cell Mol Med. 2008, 12:2790-2798. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00279.x PMid:18266956 PMCid:PMC3828892
Henshall SM, Quinn DI, Lee CS, Head DR, Golovsky D, Brenner PC, Delprado W, Stricker PD, Grygiel JJ, Sutherland RL: Altered expression of androgen receptor in the malignant epithelium and adjacent stroma is associated with early relapse in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2001; 61:423-427. PMid:11212224
Sweat SD, Pacelli A, Bergstralh EJ, Slezak JM, Bostwick DG. Androgen receptor expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. J Urol. 1999;161(4):1229-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61644-6
Sadi MV, Barrack ER. Image analysis of androgen receptor immunostaining in metastatic prostate cancer. Heterogeneity as a predictor of response to hormonal therapy. Cancer. 1993;71(8):2574-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930415)71:8<2574::AID-CNCR2820710823>3.0.CO;2-1
Tilley WD, Lim-Tio SS, Horsfall DJ, Aspinall JO, Marshall VR, Skinner JM. Detection of discrete androgen receptor epitopes in prostate cancer by immunostaining: measurement by color video image analysis. Cancer Res. 1994;54(15):4096-102. PMid:7518349
Noordzij MA, Bogdanowicz JF, van Krimpen C, van der Kwast TH, van Steenbrugge GJ. The prognostic value of pretreatment expression of androgen receptor and bcl-2 in hormonally treated prostate cancer patients. J Urol. 1997;158(5):1880-4; discussion 1884-5.
Ford OH 3rd, Gregory CW, Kim D, Smitherman AB, Mohler JL. Androgen receptor gene amplification and protein expression in recurrent prostate cancer. J Urol. 2003;170(5):1817-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000091873.09677.f4 PMid:14532783
Gaston KE, Kim D, Singh S, Ford OH 3rd, Mohler JL. Racial differences in androgen receptor protein expression in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 2003;170(3):990-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000079761.56154.e5 PMid:12913756
Olapade-Olaopa EO, MacKay EH, Taub NA, Sandhu DP, Terry TR, Habib FK. Malignant transformation of human prostatic epithelium is associated with the loss of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the surrounding stroma. Clin Cancer Res. 1999;5(3):569-76. PMid:10100708
Bostwick DG, Grignon DJ, Hammond EH, et al. Prognostic factors in prostate cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:995–1000. PMid:10888774
Bostwick DG, Foster CS. Predictive factors in prostate cancer: current concepts from the 1999 College of American Pathologists Conference on Solid Tumor Prognostic Factors and the 1999 World Health Organization Second International Consultation on Prostate Cancer. Semin Urol Oncol. 1999;17:222–272. PMid:10632123
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0