Respiratory Viruses and Atypical Bacteria Co-Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection

Nevine R. El Baroudy; Amira S. El Rifay; Tamer A. Abdel Hamid; Dina M. Hassan; May S. Soliman; Lobna Sherif

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.332

Authors

Nevine R. El Baroudy Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo
Amira S. El Rifay Departments of Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo
Tamer A. Abdel Hamid Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo
Dina M. Hassan Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo
May S. Soliman Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo
Lobna Sherif Departments of Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.332

Keywords:

Acute Respiratory tract infection, atypical bacteria, viral, coinfection

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are one of the prevalent pediatric diseases. Coinfections of respiratory viruses and atypical bacterial respiratory pathogens are common.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-infection between respiratory pathogens including viruses, bacteria and atypical bacteria in a sample of Egyptian children presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection.

METHODS: This one-year prospective cohort study conducted in Abo El Rish Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University over one year included children presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Enrolled children were subjected to nasopharyngeal swabs or throat swabs and then processed to detect viral, bacterial and atypical bacterial causative agents by culture), retrotranscription polymerase, Monoplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Multiplex PCR.

RESULTS: Viral etiological agents were detected in 20 cases (20.8%), while 76 patients (79.2%) had no definite viral aetiology. The most abundant virus detected was Rhinovirus in 36 (27.3%), followed by 21 (15.9%) were positive for RSV, 12 (9.1%) were positive for HMPV, 6 (4.5%) were positive for adenovirus and 3 (2.3%) were positive for influenza B. For Atypical bacterial causes Mycoplasma were positive for 9 (6.8%) cases and one case was positive for Bordetella parapertussis. Viral and atypical bacteria Co infection were detected in 14 (10.6%) of cases.

CONCLUSION: These results suggest that coinfection with bacteria or atypical bacteria in children with acute respiratory tract infection is common and this co-infection can induce serious illness. The multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction should become an essential tool for epidemiological studies and can fill the gap between clinical presentation and definitive diagnosis.

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