Isolation and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba from Soil Samples in Markazi Province, Iran

Mehri Meighani; Zahra Eslamirad; Reza Hajihossein; Azam Ahmadi; Sassan Saki

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.454

Authors

Mehri Meighani Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
Zahra Eslamirad Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Reza Hajihossein Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Azam Ahmadi Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Sassan Saki Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.454

Keywords:

Acanthamoeba, Soil, PCR, Molecular method, Genotype

Abstract

AIM: A previous study confirmed the contamination of water sources with this parasite in Arak, Markazi Province, Iran. The current study investigated soil sources and determined the predominant genotype of Acanthamoeba in this region of Iran.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight soil samples, collected from different regions of Arak, Markazi province, Iran, were evaluated in this study. The samples were processed and identified by culturing on a specific medium, performing PCR assay, and sequencing the PCR products. Finally, using the NCBI database, the genotypes were determined.

RESULTS: Of 48 soil samples, 33.3% and 31.25% were contaminated with Acanthamoeba according to the culture and molecular assays, respectively. The majority of these isolates belonged to the T4, T5 and T6 genotypes of Acanthamoeba.

CONCLUSION: The genotypes of most isolates from soil samples in Arak similar to other regions of Iran belong to T4 genotype of this parasite. New sequence accession numbers include MG066681 and MG298785-MG298794.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Visvesvara GS, Moura H, Schuster FL. Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia diploidea. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007; 50(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00232.x PMid:17428307

Ahmed Khan N. Pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infections. Microb Pathog. 2003; 34(6):277-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0882-4010(03)00061-5

Niyyati M, Rezaeian M. Current Status of Acanthamoeba in Iran: A Narrative Review Article. Iran J Parasitol. 2015; 10(2):157-163. PMid:26246812 PMCid:PMC4522290

Rezaeian M, Niyyati M, Farnia S, Haghi AM. Isolation of Acanthamoeba spp. from different environmental sources. Iran J Parasitol. 2008; 3(1):44-47.

Rahdar M, Niyyati M, Salehi M, Feghhi M, Makvandi M, Pourmehdi M, et al. Isolation and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Strains from Environmental Sources in Ahvaz City, Khuzestan Province, Southern Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2012; 7(4):22-26. PMid:23323088 PMCid:PMC3537466

Mohammadi Manesh R, Niyyati M, Yousefi HA, Eskandarian AA. Isolation of Acanthamoeba spp. from different water sources in Isfahan, central Iran, 2014. J Parasit Dis. 2016; 40(4):1483-1486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-015-0716-7 PMid:27876971 PMCid:PMC5118342

Khezri A, Fallah E, Mostafazadeh M, Spotin A, Shahbazi A, Mahami-Oskouei M, et al. Molecular and Morphometric Characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from Different Water Sources of Northwest Iran as a Neglected Focus, Co-Bordered With the Country of Iraq. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016; 9(11):e38481. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.38481 PMid:28138374 PMCid:PMC5240160

Armand B, Motazedian MH, Asgari Q. Isolation and identification of pathogenic free-living amoeba from surface and tap water of Shiraz City using morphological and molecular methods. Parasitol Res. 2016; 115(1):63-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4721-7 PMid:26412057

Mahmoudi MR, Taghipour N, Eftekhar M, Haghighi A, Karanis P. Isolation of Acanthamoeba species in surface waters of Gilan province-north of Iran Parasitol Res. 2012; 110(1):473-477.

Niyyati M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Rahimi F, Motevalli-Haghi A, Martin-Navarro CM, Farnia S, et al. Isolation and genotyping of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains from dust sources in Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 103(4):425-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.12.007 PMid:19185896

Mosayebi M, Ghorbanzadeh B, Eslamirad Z, Ejtehadifar M, Rastad B. The Isolation and Detection of Acanthamoeba in Rural Water Sources of Arak, Iran. Medical Laboratory Journal. 2014; 7(4):66-71.

Eslamirad Z, Ghaffarifar F, Shojapour M, Khansarinejad B, Sadraei J. A preliminary Study: Expression of Rhoptry Protein 1 (ROP1) Toxoplasma gondii in Prokaryote System. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2013; 6(6):e10089. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.10089

Ghaffarifar F, Dalimi A, Eslamirad Z, Sharifi Z. Cloning rhoptry protein 1 (ROP1) gene of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) in expression vector. Archives of Razi Institute. 2008; 63(2):11-17.

Schroeder JM, Booton GC, Hay J, Niszl IA, Seal DV, Markus MB, et al. Use of subgenic 18S ribosomal DNA PCR and sequencing for genus and genotype identification of Acanthamoebae from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge. J Clin Microbiol. 2001; 39(5):1903-1911. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.5.1903-1911.2001 PMid:11326011 PMCid:PMC88046

Martin-Perez T, Criado-Fornelio A, Avila-Blanco M, Perez-Serrano J. New Advances in the Biology of Acanthamoeba spp. (Protozoa: Amoebozoa): An Opportunistic Pathogen Found in Contact Lenses In: Arno F, Rein E, editors. Recent Progress in Eye Research. USA: Nova Science Publishers, 2017:1-89.

Geisen S, Fiore-Donno AM, Walochnik J, Bonkowski M. Acanthamoeba everywhere: high diversity of Acanthamoeba in soils. Parasitol Res. 2014; 113(9):3151-3158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3976-8 PMid:24951165

Lorenzo-Morales J, Ortega-Rivas A, Martinez E, Khoubbane M, Artigas P, Periago MV, et al. Acanthamoeba isolates belonging to T1, T2, T3, T4 and T7 genotypes from environmental freshwater samples in the Nile Delta region, Egypt. Acta Trop. 2006; 100(1-2):63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.09.008 PMid:17078918

Stothard DR, Schroeder-Diedrich JM, Awwad MH, Gast RJ, Ledee DR, Rodriguez-Zaragoza S, et al. The evolutionary history of the genus Acanthamoeba and the identification of eight new 18S rRNA gene sequence types. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1998; 45(1):45-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb05068.x PMid:9495032

Gast RJ, Ledee DR, Fuerst PA, Byers TJ. Subgenus systematics of Acanthamoeba: four nuclear 18S rDNA sequence types. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1996; 43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04510.x

Reyes-Batlle M, Zamora-Herrera J, Vargas-Mesa A, Valeron-Tejera MA, Wagner C, Martin-Navarro CM, et al. Acanthamoeba genotypes T2, T4, and T11 in soil sources from El Hierro island, Canary Islands, Spain. Parasitol Res. 2016; 115(8):2953-2956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5048-8 PMid:27075307

Thomas V, Loret JF, Jousset M, Greub G. Biodiversity of amoebae and amoebae-resisting bacteria in a drinking water treatment plant. Environ microbiol. 2008; 10(10):2728-2745. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01693.x PMid:18637950

Reyes-Batlle M, Todd CD, Martin-Navarro CM, Lopez-Arencibia A, Cabello-Vilchez AM, Gonzalez AC, et al. Isolation and characterization of Acanthamoeba strains from soil samples in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. Parasitol Res. 2014; 113(4):1383-1388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3778-z PMid:24449449

Wildschutte H, Lawrence JG. Differential Salmonella survival against communities of intestinal amoebae. Microbiology. 2007; 153(Pt 6):1781-1789. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2006/003616-0 PMid:17526835

Yera H, Zamfir O, Bourcier T, Ancelle T, Batellier L, Dupouy-Camet J, et al. Comparison of PCR, microscopic examination and culture for the early diagnosis and characterization of Acanthamoeba isolates from ocular infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect. Dis. 2007; 26(3):221-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-007-0268-6 PMid:17393203

Otta DA, Rott MB, Carlesso AM, da Silva OS. Prevalence of Acanthamoeba spp. (Sarcomastigophora: Acanthamoebidae) in wild populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res. 2012; 111(5):2017-2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3050-3 PMid:22828934

Garcia A, Goni P, Cieloszyk J, Fernandez MT, Calvo-Begueria L, Rubio E, et al. Identification of free-living amoebae and amoeba-associated bacteria from reservoirs and water treatment plants by molecular techniques. Environ Sci Technol. 2013; 47(7):3132-4310. https://doi.org/10.1021/es400160k PMid:23444840

Todd CD, Reyes-Batlle M, Martin-Navarro CM, Dorta-Gorrin A, Lopez-Arencibia A, Martinez-Carretero E, et al. Isolation and genotyping of Acanthamoeba strains from soil sources from Jamaica, West Indies. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2015; 62(3):416-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12197 PMid:25393552

Wagner C, Reyes-Batlle M, Ysea MA, Perez MV, de Rondon CG, Paduani AJ, et al. Genotyping of clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba genus in Venezuela. Acta parasitol. 2016; 61(4):796-801. https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0110 PMid:27787218

Alves Dde S, Moraes AS, Nitz N, de Oliveira MG, Hecht MM, Gurgel-Goncalves R, et al. Occurrence and characterization of Acanthamoeba similar to genotypes T4, T5, and T2/T6 isolated from environmental sources in Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil. Exp Parasitol. 2012; 131(2):239-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.04.011 PMid:22546341

Niyyati M, Lasjerdi Z, Nazar M, Haghighi A, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E. Screening of recreational areas of rivers for potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in the suburbs of Tehran, Iran. J Water Health. 2012; 10(1):140-146. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.068 PMid:22361709

Shokri A, Sarvi S, Daryani A, Sharif M. Isolation and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. as Neglected Parasites in North of Iran. Korean J Parasitol. 2016; 54(4):447-453. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.447 PMid:27658596 PMCid:PMC5040085

Saburi E, Rajaii T, Behdari A, Kohansal MH, Vazini H. Free-living amoebae in the water resources of Iran: a systematic review. J Parasit Dis. 2017; 41(4):919-928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-017-0950-2 PMid:29114120 PMCid:PMC5660050

Niyyati M, Ebrahimi M, Haghighi A, Haydari S. Isolation and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. from recreational soil of parks in Tehran, Iran. Armaghane danesh. 2013; 18(7):530-538.

Karamati SA, Niyyati M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Lasjerdi Z. Isolation and molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba genotypes isolated from soil sources of public and recreational areas in Iran. Acta parasitol. 2016; 61(4):784-789. https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0108 PMid:27787217