DOACs vs Vitamin K Antagonists: a Comparison of Phase III Clinical Trials and a Prescriber Support Tool
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.289Keywords:
DOACs, Warfarin, Atrial Fibrillation, oral anticoagulants, stroke preventionAbstract
AIM: The purpose of this article was to systematically review the literature assessing the efficacy and safety of phase III clinical trials for each direct oral anticoagulant versus vitamin K antagonists and to design a ’’go-to’’ table for the prescriber.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of specialist literature was conducted to identify RCTs which compared direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with standard warfarin treatment. Medline, Em-base, and the Cochrane databases were searched from January 2005- January 2019. The inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials of oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Four publications were phase III randomised control trials (RCTs) included in the final analysis.
RESULTS: Regarding the primary outcome in RELY the results were 1.69% per 100-year patients (p/y) for Warfarin compared to 1.11% p/y dabigatran etexilate 150mg BD (twice daily). In ROCKET AF the rates of the primary outcome were 2.2% p/y for warfarin compared to 1.7% p/y for rivaroxaban 20 mg OD (once daily). In ARISTOTLE trial the rates of the primary outcome were 1.60% p/y for warfarin compared to 1.27% p/y for apixaban 5 mg BD. In ENGAGE AF TIMI, the rates of the primary outcome were 1.50% p/y for warfarin compared to 1.18% p/y for edoxaban 60mg BD.
CONCLUSION: DOACs showed to be either noninferior or superior to warfarin with regards to the primary outcome with better safety patterns. Our ’’go-to’’ table provides a supportive tool for physicians in preventing medical errors when managing patients on oral anticoagulants.
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Copyright (c) 2019 Alina-Maria Pirlog, Cristian Daniel Pirlog, Marius Adrian Maghiar
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