Serum Levels of Copper, Ceruloplasmin and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme among Silicotic and Non-Silicotic Workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.065Keywords:
Serum copper, ceruloplasmin, ACE, silicosisAbstract
BACKGROUND: Silicosis is the most frequently occurring pneumoconiosis.
AIM: Measurement of serum levels of Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Copper (Cu) and Ceruloplasmin (Cp) in cement workers occupationally exposed to silica dust as biomarkers of exposure rather than biomarkers of effect for silicosis.
METHODS: Plain chest X-ray & pulmonary functions were done for 30 silicotic and 42 non-silicotic workers and 42 controls. CT scan was done for the exposed groups. Serum levels of Cu, Cp and ACE were estimated.
RESULTS: The results showed a higher significant difference between the exposed groups and controls, and between the two exposed groups regarding the mean levels of all measured biochemical parameters. The pulmonary functions were significantly lower among silicotic workers than controls and non-silicotic groups. There was a significant positive correlation between duration of employment and serum ACE and Cu.
CONCLUSION: Since respirable dust exposure-linked lung fibrosis disease is non-curable, the biochemical parameters (Cu, ACE and Cp) can be used as exposure biomarkers to silica dust, providing a better way for early diagnosis of this deadly disease. Down regulating the inflammatory responses could potentially reduce the adverse clinical pulmonary effects of air pollution.Downloads
Metrics
Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block
References
Calvert GM, Steenland K Occupational exposure to silica and end stage renal disease. JAMA. 1997; 278:546–547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.278.7.546
Cvariani F, Carneiro AP, Leonori R, Bedini L, Quercia A, Forastiere F Silica in ceramic industry: exposition and pulmonary diseases. Med Lav Ergon. 2005; 27: 300–302.
Porter DW, Hubbs AF, Mercer R, Robinson VA, Ramsey D, McLaurin J, Khan A, Battelli L, Brumbaugh K, Teass A, Castranova V Progression of lung inflammation and damage in rats after cessation of silica inhalation. Toxicol Sci. 2004; 79:370–380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfh110
Vanhée D, Gosset P, Boitelle A, Wallaert B, Tonnel AB Cytokines and cytokine network in silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis. Eur Respir J. 1995 ; 8:834-842.
Gaensler EA, Carrington CBOpen biopsy for chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: clinical, roentgenographic, and physiological correlations in 502 patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 1980; 30:411-426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)61291-X
Tiwari RR, Sharma YK, Saiyed HN Peak Expiratory Flow and associated epidemiological factors: A study among silica exposed workers of Chhotaudepur, India. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2004b; 8:7-10.
Tiwari RR Biomarkers of silicosis: Potential candidates. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2005 b; 9 : 103-106.
Jai KP, Deepa A Biomarkers: A potential prognostic tool for silicosis. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2012; 16:101–107.
Beldent VR, Michaud A, Bonnefoy, C, Chauvet MS, Corvol P Cell surface localization of proteolysis of human endothelial angiotensin I-converting enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270:28962–28969. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.48.28962
Eklund A, Blaschke E, Danielsson B Subcellular localization of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the human alveolar macrophage. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1987; 47:47–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00365518709168869
Thompson AB, Cale WF, Lapp NL Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme is elevated in association with undergroundcoal mining. Chest. 1991; 100:1042–1045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.100.4.1042
Orfanos SE, Armaganidis A, Glynos C, Psevdi E, Kaltsas P, Sarafidou P, Catravas JD, Dafni U G, Langleben D, Roussos C Pulmonary capillary endothelium-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in acute lung injury. Circulation. 2000; 102:2011–2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.102.16.2011
Kolev K, Burkova T Histochemical mechanisms in etiology of pulmonary fibrosis after short-term exposure to a mixture of dust and quartz from copper mine. Probl Khig. 1982; 7:88-97.
Konishi A, Iguchi H, Ochi J, Kinoshita R, Miura K, Uchino H Increased lysyl oxidase activity in culture medium of non-parenchymal cells from fibrotic levers. Gastroenterology. 1985; 89:709-715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(85)90563-3
Bai Y, Wang JJ, Wei SC, Hao DQ Changes of trace element copper and zinc in sera of cases with silicosis. Chinese J Indian Hyg Occup Dis. 1993; 11:280.
Ren ML, Jiang XL Detection of coalsilicosis by radioimmunoassay used for ceruloplasmin. Chinese J Indian Hyg Occup Dis. 1993; 11:145-146.
Tiwari RR, Sharma YK, Karnik AB, Sathwara NG, Saiyed HN Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and serum copper levels in convert silicosis. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2005; 9:124–126.
International Labor Office (ILO). Guidelines for the use of the ILO International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconiosis. Revised Ed. 2000 (Occupational Safety and Health Series, No. 22). Geneva, 2002.
Knudson RJ, Slatin RC, Lebowitz MD, Burrows B The maximal expiratory flow-volume curve normal standards, variability, and effect of age. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1976; 113:589–590.
Milne DB Trace elements In:Teitz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER (Eds.)3rd edn. PA: WB Saunders Co., Philadephia, pp 1999: 482-484.
Bernard H Differing methodology and equations used in quantitating immunoglobulins by radial immunodiffusion: a comparative evaluation of reported and commercial techniques. Clinical Chemistry (U.S.A. American Association for Clinical Chemistry). 1974; 20: 61–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/20.1.61
Holmquist B, Bunning P, Riordan JF A continuous spectrophotometric assay for angiotensin converting enzyme. Anal Biochem. 1979; 95:540-548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90769-3
Raghuvanshi S, Shrivastava S, Johri S, Shukla S Therapeutic associated with occupational exposure to silica. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2012; 8:205-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.04.006
Gronhagen-Riska C Angiotensin-converting enzyme. I. Activity and correlation with serum lysozyme in sarcoidosis, other chest or lymph node diseases and healthy persons. Scand J Respir Dis. 1979; 60:83-93.
Bucca C, Veglio F, Rolla G, Cacciabue M, Cicconi C, Ossola M, Nuzzi A, Avolio G, Angeli, ASerum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in silicosis. Eur J Respir Dis. 1984; 65:477–480.
Wallaert B, Deflandre J, Ramon P, Voisin C Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in coal worker’s pneumoconiosis. Chest. 1985; 87:844–845. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.87.6.844
Yano E, Takeuchi K, Sato M Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in silicosis. Ind Health. 1987; 25:11–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.25.11
Serbescu A, Paunescu E The importance of assessing angiotensin-converting activity in silicosis patients. Pneumoftiziologia. 1992; 41:17–20.
Tiwari RR. Karnik AB, Sharma YK Silica Exposure and Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2010; 1:21-28.
Romano C, Sulotto F, Peruccio G, Pavan I, Parola S Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level in silicosis. Med Lav. 1985; 76:366-370.
Silverstein E, Friedland J, Ackerman T Elevation of granulomatous lymph-node and serum lysozyme in sarcoidosis and correlation with angiotensin-converting enzyme. Am J Clin Pathol. 1977; 68:219-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/68.2.219
Ziskind M, Jones RN, Weill H Silicosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1976; 113:643-665.
Hiraiwa K, van Eeden SF. Contribution of lung macrophages to the inflammatory responses induced by exposure to air pollutants. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:619523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/619523
Hirota JA, Hirota SA, Warner SM, Stefanowicz D, Shaheen F, Beck PL, Macdonald JA, Hackett TL, Sin DD, Van Eeden S,Knight DA The airway epithelium nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 inflammasome is activated by urban particulate matter. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 129:1116– 1125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.033
Wang W, Wang L, Yiwen L Serum concentrations of copper and Zinc in patients with silicosis. J Occup Health. 1998; 40: 230–231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.40.230
Kim SH, Kim JS, Shin HS, Keen CL Influence of smoking on markers of oxidative stress and serum mineral concentrations in teenage girls in Korea. Nutrition. 2003; 19:240-243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(02)01002-X
Tiwari RR, Sathwara NG, Saiyed HN Serum copper levels among quartz stone crushing workers: a cross sectional study. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004; 48:337-342.
Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD Trace elements in human physiology and phatology. Copper. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003; 57: 386–398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(03)00012-X
Deshmukh VK, Raman PH, Dhuley JN, Naik SR Role of ceruloplasmin in inflammation: increased serum ceruloplasmin levels during inflammatory conditions and its possible relationship with anti- inflammatory agents. Pharmacol Res Commun. 1985; 17:633-642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-6989(85)90070-0
Strecker D, Mierzecki A, Radomska K Copper levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013; 20:312–316.
Pandey J K, Agarwal D Biomarkers: A potential prognostic tool for silicosis. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2012;16:101–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.111746
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
